Table 1.
Epidemiological data and prescribed antibiotics of study subjects and comparison with the frequency of positive cultures in each microbiological technique.
| Hospitalization data | Subjects N = 30 |
Positive cultures |
p-Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAa | SFa | CSFa | |||
| Length of hospitalization | |||||
| 0–5 days | 3 (10%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.6%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0.78 |
| 6–10 days | 9 (30%) | 9 (100%) | 8 (88.8%) | 9 (100%) | 0.96 |
| 11–15 days | 7 (23.3%) | 7 (100%) | 6 (85.7%) | 4 (57.14%) | 0.66 |
| 16–20 days | 3 (10%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | – |
| 20+ days | 8 (26.6%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (100%) | – |
| Length of intubation | |||||
| 0–5 days | 8 (26.6%) | 6 (75%) | 7 (87.5%) | 6 (75%) | 0.95 |
| 6–10 days | 7 (23.3%) | 7 (100%) | 6 (85.7%) | 6 (85.7%) | 0.95 |
| 11–15 days | 6 (20%) | 6 (100%) | 5 (83.3%) | 3 (50%) | 0.6 |
| 16–20 days | 3 (10%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | – |
| 20+ days | 6 (20%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | – |
| Reasons of hospitalization | |||||
| Acute respiratory failure (bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis) | 12 (40%) | 10 (83.3%) | 11 (91.6%) | 9 (75%) | 0.9 |
| Acute respiratory failure (VAP) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0.36 |
| Meningitis | 2 (6.6%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | – |
| Septic shock | 6 (20%) | 6 (100%) | 5 (83.3%) | 6 (100%) | 0.94 |
| Non-infectious diseases (Trauma, GI diseases, congenital disorders) |
9 (30%) | 8 (88.8%) | 8 (88.8%) | 7 (77.7%) | 0.95 |
| Hospitalization data | Subjects N = 27 |
Positive cultures |
p-Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAa | SFa | CSFa | |||
| Antibiotics prescribed | |||||
| Ceftazidime | 1 (3.70%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | – |
| Amikacin | 4 (14.81%) | 4 (100%) | 4 (100%) | 4 (100%) | – |
| Metronidazole | 3 (11.11%) | 3 (100%) | 2 (66.6%) | 3 (100%) | 0.88 |
| Ceftriaxone | 15 (55.55%) | 14 (93.3%) | 14 (93.3%) | 12 (80%) | 0.90 |
| Clindamycin | 4 (14.81%) | 4 (100%) | 3 (75%) | 4 (100%) | 0.91 |
| Vancomycin | 15 (55.55%) | 15 (100%) | 14 (93.3%) | 13 (86.6%) | 0.93 |
| Meropenem | 15 (55.55%) | 15 (100%) | 14 (93.3%) | 13 (86.6%) | 0.93 |
| Fluconazole | 8 (29.62%) | 8 (100%) | 7 (87.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 0.95 |
| Cefazolin | 2 (7.40%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | – |
| Micafungin | 2 (7.40%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | – |
| Cefepime | 3 (11.11%) | 3 (100%) | 2 (66.6%) | 3 (100%) | 0.88 |
| Oxacillin | 13 (48.14%) | 12 (92.3%) | 11 (84.6%) | 10 (77%) | 0.91 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 2 (7.40%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | – |
| Crystalline penicillin | 3 (11.11%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | – |
| Clarithromycin | 2 (7.40%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | – |
| Amphotericin B | 1 (3.70%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | – |
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 1 (3.70%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | – |
| Azithromycin | 1 (3.70%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | – |
TA, tracheal aspirate; SC, non-centrifuged sonication fluid; CSF, centrifuged sonication fluid.
a
Hospitalization data were summarized as frequencies and percentages or median and compared using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate to categorical variables and t-test as appropriate to continuous variables. All tests were two sided and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
b
Medication frequency was calculated based on 27 samples, since in three of them the data was unavailable.