Table 6.
Recommendations for routine monitoring in patients undergoing OPAT.
| Antimicrobial | Minimum frequency of examinations to be performed |
Observations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete blood cell analysis | Renal evaluation (urea and creatinine) | Hepatic evaluation (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and, gamma GT) | Potassium | CPK | ||
| Amikacin | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | – | Ototoxicity may occur: monitor hearing and vestibular functions |
| Gentamicin | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | – | Ototoxicity may occur: monitor hearing and vestibular functions |
| Cefepime | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Ceftaroline | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Ceftazidime | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Ceftriaxone | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | – | – | |
| Ertapenem | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | A decrease in the convulsive threshold may occur |
| Meropenem | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | A decrease in the convulsive threshold may occur |
| Vancomycin | Every 7 days | Every 7 days | Every 7 days | Every 7 days | – | Serum level control (vancomycin) can be performed every 7 days |
| Teicoplanin | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Daptomycin | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | Every 7 days | |
| Linezolid | Every 7 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | Optical neuropathy may occur: monitor visual acuity |
| Tigecycline | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 7 days | – | – | Nausea may occur even in the absence of hepatic enzyme alterations; consider concomitant administration of antiemetics |
| Anidulafungin | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Caspofungin | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Micafungin | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Voriconazole | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | Every 14 days | – | – | |
| Amphotericin B (lipid complex) | Every 7 days | Every 3 days | Every 7 days | Every 3 days | – | Weekly dose of magnesium may be necessary |
| Amphotericin B (liposomal) | Every 7 days | Every 3 days | Every 7 days | Every 3 days | – | Weekly dose of magnesium may be necessary |
OPAT, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Gamma GT, gamma glutamyl-transferase; CPK, creatine phosphokinase.