TABLE 3.
Multivariate analysis for the relationship between MUAC and liver fibrosis in patients with MAFLD (LSM)
| Model 1, β (95% CI) p value (n = 1640) | Model 2, β (95% CI) p value(n = 1640) | Model 3, β (95% CI) p value (n = 1640) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline MUAC | 0.2355 (0.1899, 0.2810) | 0.2703 (0.2223, 0.3183) | 0.2088 (0.1554, 0.2622) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | <0.000001 | |
| Quartiles of MUAC | |||
| Q1 (22.5–32.0 cm) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (32.1–34.8 cm) | 0.3572 (−0.2988, 1.0133) | 0.4105 (−0.2508, 1.0717) 0.223905 | 0.1646 (−0.5355, 0.8647) |
| 0.286040 | 0.4105 (−0.2508, 1.0717) 0.223905 | 0.644961 | |
| Q3 (34.9–38.2 cm) | 0.5626 (−0.0553, 1.1805) | 0.7253 (0.0888, 1.3618) | 0.0650 (−0.6269, 0.7569) |
| 0.1074512 | 0.025664 | 0.853897 | |
| Q4 (38.3–56.3 cm) | 2.0124 (1.3862, 3.6387) | 2.2681 (1.6093, 2.9269) | 1.1328 (0.3968, 1.8688) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | 0.002597 | |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Stratified by sex a | |||
| Men | 0.3246 (0.2494, 0.3998) | 0.3625 (0.2839, 0.4411) | 0.2749 (0.1824, 0.3674) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | <0.000001 | |
| Women | 0.1405 (0.0918, 0.1892) | 0.1716 (0.1205, 0.2227) | 0.1378 (0.0850, 0.1907) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | <0.000001 | |
| Stratified by race a | |||
| Mexican American | 0.1317 (0.0134, 0.2500) | 0.1520 (0.0337, 0.2702) | 0.1125 (−0.0129, 0.2379) |
| 0.030053 | 0.012404 | 0.079954 | |
| Other Hispanic | 0.1866 (−0.1161, 0.4893) | 0.2341 (−0.0814, 0.5495) | 0.1636 (−0.1974, 0.5245) |
| 0.1228925 | 0.147985 | 0.375921 | |
| Non‐Hispanic White | 0.2200 (0.1490, 0.2911) | 0.2413 (0.1671, 0.3155) | 0.1802 (0.0979, 0.2625) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | <0.000021 | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 0.2434 (0.1559, 0.3309) | 0.2562 (0.1662, 0.3463) | 0.2179 (0.1180, 0.3179) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | <0.000026 | |
| Non‐Hispanic Asian | 0.1275 (0.0471, 0.2079) | 0.1976 (0.1086, 0.2848) | 0.1425 (0.0440, 0.2410) |
| 0.002086 | 0.000018 | 0.004942 | |
| Other race | 0.6681 (0.4615, 0.9147) | 0.8091 (0.5606, 1.0576) | 0.5876 (0.2359, 0.9393) |
| <0.000001 | <0.000001 | 0.001678 |
Note: Model 1: No covariates were adjusted. Model 2: Sex, age, and race were adjusted. Model 3: Sex, age, race, waist to hip ratio, glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, hypertension, obesity, median controlled attenuation parameter, and uric acid were adjusted.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; MAFLD, metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease; MUAC, mid‐upper arm circumference; Q, quartile.
a
In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex or race, models 1–3 were not adjusted for their own stratification variable.