FIG 6.

Conceptual model summarizing the microbial and viral contributions to HZ carbon and nitrogen cycling identified in this study. Black arrows signify microbial transformations uncovered in our MAG-resolved metaproteomic data. Specific processes (e.g., mineralization, nitrification, CO oxidation, denitrification, and aerobic respiration) are highlighted in beige boxes, with microorganisms inferred to carry out these processes denoted by overlaid cell shapes colored by phylum. Possible biotic, atmospheric, and aquatic carbon and nitrogen sources are indicated by purple, green, and blue arrows, respectively. Inorganic carbon and nitrogen sources are shown by black squares (aqueous) and black circles (gaseous), with white text and dashed arrows indicating possible gasses that could be released to the atmosphere. Processes that could be impacted by viruses are marked with gray virus symbols.