TABLE 1.
Characteristics of People With TB Notified by Public Health Facilities of 16 Districts in Karnataka, India, October 15 to November 30, 2020, Stratified by High Risk of Severe Illness Statusa
| Baseline Characteristics b |
High Risk of Severe Illness at Baseline
(Exposure) |
Unadjusted P Value for Association With
c
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, No. (%) (N=3,010) b | Exposure, No. (%) (n=537) | No Exposure, No. (%) (n=992) | Unknown, No. (%) (n=1,481) | Exposure | Outcome d | |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age, years | ||||||
| 15–24 | 475 (15.8) | 79 (14.7) | 155 (15.6) | 241(16.3) | .88 | <.01 |
| 25–34 | 609 (20.2) | 112 (20.9) | 192 (19.4) | 305 (20.6) | ||
| 35–44 | 617 (20.5) | 112 (20.9) | 209 (21.1) | 296 (20.0) | ||
| 45–54 | 573 (19.0) | 93 (17.3) | 197 (19.9) | 283 (19.1) | ||
| 55–64 | 413 (13.7) | 74 (13.8) | 132 (13.3) | 207 (14.0) | ||
| ≥65 | 323 (10.7) | 67 (12.5) | 107 (10.8) | 149 (10.1) | ||
| Means (SD) | 41.8 (15.8) | 42.3 (16.6) | 42.0 (15.4) | 41.6 (15.8) | .17 | <.01 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | 2,033 (67.5) | 364 (67.8) | 679 (68.4) | 990 (66.8) | .70 | <.01 |
| Women | 977 (32.5) | 173 (32.2) | 313 (31.6) | 491 (33.2) | ||
| District | <.01 | .33 | ||||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Test used for diagnosis | ||||||
| Rapid molecular | 1,623 (53.9) | 291 (54.2) | 496 (50.0) | 836 (56.4) | <.01 | .49 |
| Microscopy/culture | 564 (18.7) | 99 (18.4) | 195 (19.7) | 270 (18.2) | ||
| Chest radiograph | 272 (9.0) | 65 (12.1) | 103 (10.4) | 104 (7.0) | ||
| Otherse | 551 (18.3) | 82 (15.3) | 198 (20.0) | 271 (18.3) | ||
| Bacteriological confirmation (yes) | 2,275 (75.6) | 418 (77.8) | 715 (72.1) | 1,142 (77.1) | .01 | .92 |
| Site | ||||||
| Pulmonary | 2,185 (72.6) | 446 (83.1) | 763 (76.9) | 976 (65.9) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Extra-pulmonary | 667 (22.2) | 90 (16.8) | 228 (23.0) | 349 (23.6) | ||
| Missing | 158 (5.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 156 (10.5) | ||
| Previous treatment (yes) | 473 (15.7) | 111 (20.7) | 137 (13.8) | 225 (15.2) | <.01 | .38 |
| HIV | ||||||
| Positive | 225 (7.5) | 37 (6.9) | 72 (7.3) | 116 (7.8) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Negative | 2,526 (83.9) | 483 (89.9) | 874 (88.1) | 1,169 (78.9) | ||
| Unknown | 259 (8.6) | 17 (3.2) | 46 (4.6) | 196 (13.2) | ||
| DM | ||||||
| Yes | 505 (16.8) | 83 (15.5) | 191 (19.3) | 231 (15.6) | <.01 | <.01 |
| No | 2,084 (69.2) | 413 (76.9) | 724 (73.0) | 947 (63.9) | ||
| Unknown | 421 (14.0) | 41 (7.6) | 77 (7.8) | 303 (20.5) | ||
| Health system related | ||||||
| Bank details available (yes) | 2,352 (78.1) | 443 (82.5) | 837 (84.4) | 1,072 (72.4) | <.01 | <.01 |
| Peripheral health institute–notification facility | ||||||
| District/teaching | 1,937 (66.6) | 274 (54.9) | 572 (59.3) | 1,091 (75.4) | <.01 | .46 |
| Subdistrict level | 767 (26.4) | 192 (38.5) | 325 (33.7) | 250 (17.3) | ||
| Primary level | 206 (7.1) | 33 (6.6) | 67 (7.0) | 106 (7.3) | ||
| Time interval between diagnosis and starting treatment | ||||||
| Within 1 day | 1,758 (58.4) | 313 (58.3) | 582 (58.7) | 863 (58.3) | .02 | <.01 |
| 2–6 days | 997 (33.1) | 191 (35.6) | 337 (34.0) | 469 (31.7) | ||
| 7 days and longer | 255 (8.5) | 33 (6.1) | 73 (7.3) | 149 (10.1) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | .67 | <.01 |
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
a
Age ≥15 years, all forms, without known drug-resistant disease at diagnosis.
b
Source is the routinely collected baseline data in NIKSHAY updated as on December 15, 2020.
c
Chi square test for categorical variable, ANOVA for age (continuous data), Krushkal Wallis for time interval (continuous data).
d
Early death (within 2 months).
e
Includes instances where test of diagnosis was missing.