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. 2022 Aug 29;14(1):2113717. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2113717

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Intestinal phages induce the development of diseases by regulating and increasing the release of bacterial exotoxins, regulating bacterial community metabolism, and initiating immune responses. Changes in intestinal phages, bacteria and their metabolites through fecal microbiota transfer may help alleviate diseases. Changes in bacterial metabolites closely related to disease may be able to be used as markers for disease surveillance.