Table 2.
Syphilis Testing and Diagnosis Rates Stratified by HIV Transmission Risk, Gender, Age, and Race/Ethnicity Among People With HIV: 4 US CNICS Sites, 2014–2018
| HIV Transmission Risk | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heterosexual | IDU | MSM | MSM/IDU | Unknown/Other | |
| Rate of syphilis testing per 100 person-years (95% CI); overall rate: 118 tests per 100 person-years (95% CI: 117, 119) | |||||
| Cisgender men | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | 147 (119, 181) | 146 (93, 229) | 185 (178, 193) | 164 (142, 189) | 161 (136, 192) |
| 30–39 | 104 (93, 116) | 115 (92, 144) | 161 (157, 165) | 150 (138, 161) | 135 (117, 156) |
| 40–49 | 93 (87, 100) | 95 (84, 107) | 145 (142, 149) | 124 (116, 133) | 115 (99, 134) |
| 50–59 | 85 (80, 91) | 78 (72, 84) | 125 (122, 128) | 107 (100, 115) | 101 (89, 114) |
| 60 and older | 79 (71, 87) | 62 (55, 69) | 108 (103, 112) | 103 (90, 118) | 84 (69, 102) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 104 (71, 153) | 117 (83, 166) | 142 (123, 164) | 134 (102, 177) | 125 (52, 300) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 79 (59, 102) | 103 (66, 159) | 143 (134, 152) | 91 (65, 128) | 105 (72, 153) |
| Black | 81 (77, 86) | 67 (62, 73) | 133 (128, 137) | 113 (102, 126) | 93 (82, 105) |
| Hispanic | 113 (105, 123) | 109 (91, 131) | 162 (158, 167) | 142 (128, 156) | 158 (140, 179) |
| White | 90 (83, 97) | 88 (80, 97) | 132 (130, 135) | 123 (118, 129) | 111 (99, 124) |
| Another race, multiracial | 97 (68, 138) | 65 (29, 144) | 157 (145, 170) | 100 (59, 169) | 78 (46, 131) |
| Cisgender women | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | 96 (82, 112) | 92 (52, 162) | … | … | 99 (82, 120) |
| 30–39 | 77 (70, 84) | 75 (60, 94) | … | … | 101 (80, 129) |
| 40–49 | 70 (65, 75) | 76 (66, 87) | … | … | 77 (55, 107) |
| 50–59 | 64 (59, 68) | 61 (54, 70) | … | … | 56 (42, 74) |
| 60 and older | 54 (47, 61) | 60 (50, 72) | … | … | 63 (46, 85) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 45 (28, 71) | 66 (40, 109) | … | … | 154 (64, 370) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 73 (55, 98) | 89 (33, 237) | … | … | 106 (70, 161) |
| Black | 63 (59, 66) | 66 (60, 73) | … | … | 69 (58, 82) |
| Hispanic | 90 (82, 99) | 79 (54, 115) | … | … | 109 (87, 137) |
| White | 70 (63, 75) | 64 (56, 73) | … | … | 70 (55, 89) |
| Another race, multiracial | 81 (55, 117) | 102 (62, 166) | … | … | 108 (51, 226) |
| Transgender women | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | … | … | 169 (131, 218) | 107 (40, 284) | … |
| 30–39 | … | … | 162 (133, 197) | 190 (123, 295) | … |
| 40–49 | … | … | 150 (125, 179) | 144 (99, 208) | … |
| 50–59 | … | … | 124 (102, 150) | 143 (96, 214) | … |
| 60 and older | … | … | 85 (55, 132) | 22 (3, 158) | … |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | … | … | 160 (95, 270) | no obs | … |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | … | … | 133 (84, 212) | no obs | … |
| Black | … | … | 140 (114, 172) | 118 (69, 203) | … |
| Hispanic | … | … | 137 (118, 160) | 161 (119, 219) | … |
| White | … | … | 149 (124, 181) | 122 (80, 186) | … |
| Another race, multiracial | … | … | 143 (77, 266) | no obs | … |
| Rate of incident syphilis per 100 person-years (95% CI); overall rate: 4.7 syphilis cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.5, 5.0) | |||||
| Cisgender men | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | 0 | 0 | 10.4 (8.8, 12.3) | 11.6 (6.7, 20.0) | 10.2 (5.1, 20.5) |
| 30–39 | 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) | 1.5 (.2, 10.5) | 11.0 (9.9, 12.2) | 10.9 (8.2, 14.4) | 8.6 (4.9, 15.2) |
| 40–49 | 1.1 (.6, 2.1) | 2.6 (1.2, 5.4) | 7.6 (6.8, 8.4) | 5.6 (4.0, 7.8) | 3.5 (1.5, 8.5) |
| 50–59 | .9 (.5, 1.7) | .9 (.4, 1.9) | 4.7 (4.2, 5.3) | 2.7 (1.8, 4.3) | 1.6 (.6, 4.3) |
| 60 and older | .2 (.02, 1.3) | 0 | 3.0 (2.3, 3.7) | 1.5 (.5, 4.6) | 2.4 (.8, 7.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 4.6 (2.0, 10.2) | 5.3 (1.3, 21.0) | 0 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.5 (.2, 10.4) | 5.1 (.7, 36.4) | 8.3 (6.3, 10.7) | 11.3 (4.1, 29.4) | 3.9 (.5, 27.6) |
| Black | .4 (.2, 0.9) | .2 (.05, .8) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.2) | 3.2 (1.7, 5.9) | 3.2 (1.6, 6.4) |
| Hispanic | 2.0 (1.1, 3.7) | 1.8 (.4, 7.3) | 9.7 (8.7, 10.8) | 9.0 (6.0, 13.3) | 8.2 (4.8, 14.1) |
| White | 1.3 (.6, 2.5) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.7) | 6.2 (5.7, 6.7) | 5.4 (4.3, 6.7) | 3.3 (1.7, 6.4) |
| Another race, multiracial | 3.2 (.4, 22.9) | 0 | 8.1 (5.7, 11.4) | 7.1 (1.0, 50.7) | 5.5 (.7, 39.4) |
| Cisgender women | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | 0 | 0 | … | … | .9 (.1, 6.6) |
| 30–39 | .2 (.02, 1.1) | 2.0 (.5, 8.1) | … | … | 0 |
| 40–49 | .09 (.01, .7) | .4 (.05, 2.8) | … | … | 0 |
| 50–59 | .3 (.09, .8) | .2 (.3, 1.7) | … | … | 0 |
| 60 and older | 0 | .5 (.07, 3.5) | … | … | 0 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Black | .05 (.01, .3) | .4 (.09, 1.5) | … | … | 0 |
| Hispanic | .6 (.2, 1.8) | 5.8 (1.5, 23.3) | … | … | 0 |
| White | .1 (.02, 1.0) | .3 (.04, 2.0) | … | … | 1.1 (0.1, 7.5) |
| Another race, multiracial | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Transgender women | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 16–29 | … | … | 8.6 (2.8, 26.6) | 0 | … |
| 30–39 | … | … | 7.9 (3.3, 19.1) | 19.0 (4.8, 76.2) | … |
| 40–49 | … | … | 7.5 (3.4, 16.8) | 0 | … |
| 50–59 | … | … | 6.0 (2.5, 14.5) | 6.0 (.8, 42.4) | … |
| 60 and older | … | … | 0 | 0 | … |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | … | … | 0 | no obs | … |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | … | … | 0 | no obs | … |
| Black | … | … | 4.6 (1.5, 14.2) | 9.1 (1.3, 64.5) | … |
| Hispanic | … | … | 11.8 (7.0, 19.9) | 7.7 (1.9, 30.8) | … |
| White | … | … | 2.8 (.7, 11.3) | 0 | … |
| Another race, multiracial | … | … | 0 | no obs | … |
The ellipses “ …” indicate <20 observations in the data among those with the combination of gender and HIV transmission risk.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CNICS, Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; MSM, men who have sex with men; no obs, no observations.