Table 1.

MR estimates from each method of assessing the causal effects of tea intake on LRTIs risk

Outcome	Nsnp	Methods	Beta	SE	OR (95% CI)	P-value	Horizontal pleiotropy			Heterogeneity
							Egger intercept	SE	P-value	Cochran’s Q	P-value
Bronchitis	38	MR Egger	− 0.07	0.13	0.93 (0.73–1.19)	0.572	− 0.0016	0.01	0.852	32.57	0.633
		IVW	− 0.09	0.05	0.91 (0.82–1.01)	0.067
		Weighted median	− 0.06	0.08	0.94 (0.81–1.10)	0.432
		Weighted mode	− 0.08	0.11	0.93 (0.75–1.14)	0.486
Bronchiolitis	38	MR Egger	− 0.24	0.348	0.79 (0.40–1.56)	0.504	0.0002	0.02	0.994	22.16	0.966
		IVW	− 0.23	0.141	0.79 (0.60–1.05)	0.100
		Weighted median	− 0.29	0.203	0.75 (0.50–1.11)	0.149
		Weighted mode	− 0.30	0.256	0.74 (0.45–1.23)	0.251
Bronchiectasis	38	MR Egger	− 0.86	0.32	0.42 (0.23–0.79)	0.011	0.0259	0.02	0.229	35.87	0.475
		IVW	− 0.50	0.13	0.61 (0.47–0.78)	< 0.001
		Weighted median	− 0.56	0.19	0.57 (0.39–0.84)	0.004
		Weighted mode	− 0.51	0.23	0.60 (0.38–0.95)	0.035
Pneumonia	38	MR Egger	− 0.10	0.08	0.90 (0.77–1.06)	0.233	− 0.0001	0.01	0.984	48.12	0.085
		IVW	− 0.10	0.03	0.90 (0.85–0.96)	0.002
		Weighted median	− 0.14	0.04	0.87 (0.79–0.94)	0.001
		Weighted mode	− 0.11	0.05	0.89 (0.80–1.00)	0.050
Influenza and pneumonia	38	MR Egger	− 0.09	0.08	0.92 (0.78–1.07)	0.289	− 0.0009	0.01	0.868	48.30	0.083
		IVW	− 0.10	0.03	0.91 (0.85–0.97)	0.002
		Weighted median	− 0.13	0.04	0.88 (0.81–0.95)	0.002
		Weighted mode	− 0.11	0.06	0.90 (0.80–1.00)	0.057

P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant

CI confidence interval, IVW inverse variance weighted, LRTI lower respiratory tract infection, MR Mendelian randomization, OR odds ratio, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, SE standard error