Figure 6.

Patients with COVID-19 share common surrogates of impaired immune responses to opportunistic molds. (A) Activated (blue, z-score ≥ 1) and inhibited (red, z-score ≤ -1) cellular immune response and cytokine signaling pathways overrepresented by enrichment analysis of molecular response markers from multiplex cytokine assays and flow cytometry. Non-significant enrichments (absolute z-scores <1) are indicated in white. BG, background; AR, antigen-reactive; BCAI, background-corrected antigen-induced responses. (B) Schematic summarizing putative mechanisms of increased susceptibility to mold pathogens in patients with COVID-19. HIF-1α, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor kappa B; Th, T-helper cell(s); STAT3, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3; TREM1, Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1; CLEAR, Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation; MSP-RON, Macrophage Stimulating Protein – Recepteur d’Origine Nantais; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis.