Summary of findings 1. D‐mannose (2 g) versus no treatment for preventing or treating urinary tract infections.
| D‐mannose (2 g) versus no treatment for preventing or treating urinary tract infections | |||||
|
Patient or population: women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) Settings: general hospital and general practice Intervention: D‐mannose (2 g) Comparison: no treatment | |||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (RCTs) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | ||||
| No treatment | D‐mannose (2 g) | ||||
|
Symptomatic and bacteriuria confirmed UTI (positive culture) Follow‐up at 24 weeks |
608 per 1000 | 146 per 1000 (91 to 237) |
RR 0.24 (0.15 to 0.39) |
205 (1) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1 |
| Symptomatic‐only UTI | No data | No data | No data | No data | ‐‐ |
| Asymptomatic bacteriuria | No data | No data | No data | No data | ‐‐ |
| Changes to previous treatment regimen | No data | No data | No data | No data | ‐‐ |
| Pain | No data | No data | No data | No data | ‐‐ |
| Cure/complete remission | No data | No data | No data | No data | ‐‐ |
|
Adverse effects Follow‐up at 24 weeks |
No events | 8/103** | RR 16.84 (0.98 to 287.92) |
205 (1) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1 |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). ** Event rate derived from the raw data. A 'per thousand' rate is non‐informative in view of the scarcity of evidence and zero events in the control group CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk Ratio; UTI: urinary tract infection | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | |||||
1Downgraded for very serious limitations in the study design or execution (high risk of bias) (‐2), and sparse data (single study data) (‐1)