De Leo 2017.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design Parallel, open‐label RCT Study duration and follow‐up 3 months treatment; duration of study not reported Study type Prevention and treatment study
Participants	General information Country: Italy Setting: multicentre Inclusion criteria: women aged 40 to 50 years with recurrent episodes of cystitis; at least one positive urine culture during 6 months preceding recruitment Exclusion criteria: chronic diseases; neoplasms; endocrine pathologies; urinary stones Baseline characteristics Number: treatment group (100); control group (50) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (47.3 ± 4.1); control group (47.9 ± 4) Sex: 100% women Definition of UTI: recurrent episodes of cystitis ‐ at least one positive urine culture during 6 months preceding recruitment Co‐morbidities: not reported in abstract
Interventions	Treatment group D‐mannose 500 mg + noxamicina 100 mg + cranberry 90 mg + PACs‐A 72 mg 1 oral sachet/day, for the first 10 days of the month, for 3 months Control group No treatment Co‐interventions or additional treatments None Follow‐up details None
Outcomes	All outcomes reported at 3 months Complete remission of urinary symptoms Slight decrease in urinary symptoms Side effects
Notes	Full text available in Italian; translated prior to assessment Trial registration: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Comment: open‐label study so it is unlikely that allocation to treatment groups was concealed
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: open‐label study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: open‐label study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient information within the abstract
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Trial registration: not reported A priori published protocol: not reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding: not reported Conflicts of interest: not reported