Lopes de Carvalho 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design Parallel RCT Study duration and follow‐up 90 days treatment, further follow‐up not reported Study type Prevention and treatment study
Participants	General information Country: Italy Setting: single centre Inclusion criteria: multiple sclerosis patients (McDonald criteria) Exclusion criteria: not reported Baseline characteristics Number: treatment group (11); control group (10) Mean age ± SD (years): not reported Sex (M/F): not reported Definition of UTI: not reported Co‐morbidities: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group D‐mannose 100 mg + cranberry 40 mg + vitamin C 60 mg oral capsules Twice/day for 90 days Control group Placebo oral capsules Twice/day for 90 days Co‐interventions or additional treatments Not reported Follow‐up details No further follow‐up past 90 days reported
Outcomes	Outcomes reported at baseline, 30 and 90 days Number of UTI Urine culture
Notes	Publication type: abstract only Trial registration: not reported A priori protocol publication: not reported Conflicts of interest: not reported Funding declared: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "a simple blind randomized design study was used" Comment: study states to be randomised but no further details are available within the abstract
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information provided regarding the concealment of allocation to groups within the abstract
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "examining physician and subjects were blinded to the procedure" Comment: study states to be blinded but insufficient details available from within the abstract
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "examining physician and subjects were blinded to the procedure" Quote: "a simple blind randomized design study was used..." Comment: does not explicitly state that examining physicians were the outcome assessors, so assumed outcome assessors were not blind
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient information within the abstract
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Trial registration: not reported A priori published protocol: not reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding: not reported Conflicts of interest: not reported