Study	Reason for exclusion
Domenici 2016	Study design: intervention started as a single arm phase 1 with all participants receiving treatment. Unclear what the phase 2 baseline starting point is for participants. Results for phase 2 not reported separately or clearly
Genovese 2018	Interventions are not comparable. Arm 1 and 2 are same doses of D‐mannose and therefore cannot be compared. To compare arms 2 and 3 against arm 1 is unreliable as the additional combination herbal mixes are complex and too dissimilar to ascertain what would be causing a therapeutic effect
NCT03497598	Study terminated 2 September 2020: not enough patients
NCT03996057	D‐mannose with or without methenamine for the UTI prevention
Radulescu 2020	Two phase trial and data could not be analysed for separate phases for individual doses and regimen
Salinas‐Casado 2018	Interventions: arms are comparing PAC and PAC amongst other supplements

PAC: proanthocyanidin; UTI: urinary tract infection