Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 23;2022:7086807. doi: 10.1155/2022/7086807

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Negative correlations between MAMs and autophagy. In cancer cells, MAM inhibition or MCU reduces active autophagy. PML coordinates a complex with IP3R3, Akt kinase, and phosphatase PP2A. The loss of PML of MAMs results in autophagy activation. Cd, La, Cu, and Ti reduce different tethering protein complexes' expression of MAMs but enhance the autophagic protein levels. DFMO treatment reduces the expression of Grp75 and enhances autophagic flux. The mutations of GARS or CBS both downregulate MAM-related proteins but enhance autophagy. BAP31-TOM40 disruption stimulates autophagy by activating AMPK. AMPK reduces the expression of FUNDC1 and initiates autophagy. Oxidative stress conditions inhibited Sig-1R to promote autophagy.