Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Variables | Total patients |
|---|---|
| n = 136, 100% | |
| Gender, male/female (%) | 51.5/48.5 |
| Age (years) | 52 ± 13 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4.6 |
| ALT (× ULN) | 2.2 ± 1.7 |
| AST (× ULN) | 2.2 ± 1.5 |
| γGT (× ULN) | 3.1 ± 3.2 |
| Glucose, mg dL−1 | 105.4 ± 38.2 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.6 ± 2.6 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg dL−1 | 45.1 ± 14.8 |
| Triglycerides, mg dL−1 | 99.3 ± 42.8 |
| HCV genotype (%) | |
| 1 | 67.6 |
| 2 and 3 | 32.4 |
| Fibrosis score, (%) | |
| F0 | 8.8 |
| F1 | 27.9 |
| F2 | 16.2 |
| F3 | 10.3 |
| F4 | 36.8 |
| Activity grade, (%) | |
| A0 | 8.8 |
| A1 | 21.2 |
| A2 | 38.1 |
| A3 | 25.7 |
| A4 | 6.2 |
| Steatosis, (%) | |
| Yes | 56.6 |
| No | 43.4 |
| Caffeine consumption (mg/day) | 112.1 ± 178.8 |
| Lifetime caffeine consumption, (%) | |
| ≥20 years | 100% |
| Methods for coffee, (%) | |
| Paper filter | 70.6 |
| Cloth filter | 29.4 |
| Smoking, (%) | |
| Yes | 29.4 |
| No | 70.6 |
Continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categoric data are expressed as percentage. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; (GT, (-glutamyl transferase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (fasting insulin [(U/mL] × fasting glycemia [nmol/L]/22.5); HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ULN, upper limit of normal.