Table 4.
Incidence rate of Mycobacterium avium complex among HIV-infected individuals from high and low/middle-income settings.
| First author, year, journal | Setting and cohort (when applicable) | Time period evaluated | Incidence rate estimate | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-income settings | ||||
| Bacellar, 1994, Journal of Infectious Diseases | Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Chicago and Los Angeles, US, MACS cohort | 1985a to 1993a | No antiretroviral nor PCP prophylaxis: 6.9/100 PY; Only antiretroviral: 6.0/100 PY; Antiretroviral and PCP prophylaxis: 14.8/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 100 cells/mm3, MSM only; Disease definition: CDC 1993; considers only the first episode of each ADI after cohort enrollment. Results stratified by use of antiretroviralb and/or PCP prophylaxis |
| Chaisson, 1992, American review of respiratory disease | Multicenter observational cohort in US | April 1987 to 1990c | 8.6/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: patients with AIDS diagnoses defined by PCP, an opportunistic disease other than PCP and CD4 < 250 cells/mm3, or AIDS related complex and CD4 < 250 cells/mm3; Disease definition: not clearly stated, likely considers only the first episodes after cohort enrollment |
| Yazdanpanah, 2001, International Journal of Epidemiology | France, Tourcoing and Aquitaine cohorts | January 1987 to December 1995 | >500 cells/mm3: 0.0/100 PY; 301–500 cells/mm3: 0.2/100 PY; 201–300 cells/mm3: 0.3/100 PY; 101–200 cells/mm3: 1.0/100 PY; 51–100 cells/mm3: 1.9/100 PY; >50 cells/mm3: 9.5/100 PY | Patient exclusion criteria: patients in use of antiretroviral therapy other than zidovudine monotheray and prophylaxis; patients with less than 3 CD4 counts; excluded patients with prior MAC diagnosis or with MAC diagnosis in the first cohort visit and those in use of MAC prophylaxis. Disease definition: considers only the first case after cohort enrollment. Results stratified by CD4 counts |
| Mocroft, 1999, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes | London, England, Royal Free Center for HIV Medicine | 1987c to 1998c | Before 1992: 1.1/100 PY, 1992–1993: 3.8/100 PY, 1994: 4.1/100 PY, 1995: 4.1/100 PY, 1996: 2.7/100 PY, 1997: 1.0/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Moore, 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine | Baltimore, US, Johns Hopkins Clinical Cohort | July 1989 to April 1995 | 7.4/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 300 cells/mm3; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| San-Andres, 2003, Clinical Infectious Diseases | Madrid, Spain, University Hospital | January 1989 to 1997c | 1989–1991: 1.5/100 PY, 1992: 2.9/100 PY, 1993: 1.5/100 PY, 1994: 1.1/100 PY, 1995: 1.9/100 PY, 1996: 2.5/100 PY, 1997: 0.6/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 500 cells/mm3 or previous diagnosis AIDS; Disease definition: not clearly stated, likely considers all episodes after cohort enrollment |
| Charurat, 2004, Journal of Women's Health | 4 states in US and Puerto Rico, WITS Cohort | December 1989 to June 2002 | Before February 1994: 0.32/100 PY; March 1994 to July 1996: 0.23/100 PY; After August 1996: 0.12/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria, women only, without previous diagnosis of AIDS; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollmentd |
| Rossi, 2001, Swiss Medical Weekly | 7 centers in Switzerland, Swiss HIV Cohort Study | January 1990 to December 1999 | Overall: 5.8/100 PY, 1990–1996: 8.8/100 PY, 1997–1999: 1.4/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 50 cells/mm3; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Brodt, 1997, AIDS | Frankfurt, Germany, Frankfurt AIDS Cohort | January 1992 to March 1997 | 1992: 4.5/100 PY; 1993: 6.1/100 PY; 1994: 6.6/100 PY; 1995: 5.4/100 PY; 1996: 2.8/100 PY; | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 200 cells/mm3, MSM only; Disease definition: not clearly stated, likely considers all episodes after cohort enrollment |
| Kaplan, 2000, Clinical Infectious Diseases | 10 US cities, Adults/Adolescents Spectrum of HIV Disease (ASD) Study | 1992c to September 1999 | 1996–1998: 3.4/100 PYe | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: not clearly stated, likely considers all episodes after cohort enrollment |
| Schwarcz, 2013, AIDS | San Francisco, US, SFDHP | January 1993 to December 2008 | 1993–1995: 8.52/100 PY; 1996–2000: 1.34/100 PY; 2001–2008: 0.32/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Kirk, 2000, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | 17 European countries, EuroSIDA Cohort | May 1994 to February 1999 | 1.38/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Mocroft, 2000, Lancet | 51 centers in Europe, Eurosida cohort | May 1994 to spring 1999c | Non-ART regimens: 2.3/100 PY; ART regimens: 0.5/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 500 cells/mm3; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Baril, 2000, AIDS | Paris, France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital | January 1995 to December 1997 | January 1996 to June 1996: 13.4/100 PY; July 1996 to December 1997: 2.6/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: considers the first episode after cohort enrollment |
| Ledergerber, 1999, Journal of the American Medical Association | 7 centers in Switzerland, Swiss HIV Cohort Study | September 1995 to March 1999 | Before ART use: 1.79/100 PY; after ART use: 0.76/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria, patients who started ART between September 1995 and December 1997. Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollmentd |
| Wohl, 2003, Aids Patient Care and STDs | 10 US cities, ASD cohort | 1996c to 2000c | US born: 1.8/100 PY; Mexican born: 1.1/100 PY; Central American born: 0.4/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; included US born Latinos, Mexican born Latinos and Central American Latinos. Disease definition: not clear stated, apparently included all OI presented in the study period |
| Low/middle-income settings | ||||
| Badri, 2005, The Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town AIDS Cohort (CTAC) | 1992c to December 2000 | 0.40/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: disseminated atypical mycobacteria; likely considers all episodes after cohort enrollment |
| Bonard, 2004, AIDS | Ivory Coast, Cotrame ANRS 1203 | 1992c to October 2002 | 1.85/100 PY | Patient inclusion criteria: no CD4 criteria; Disease definition: considers only the first episode after cohort enrollmentd |
| Gadelha, 2002, The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IPEC cohort | September 1997 to December 1999 | 0 | Patient inclusion criteria: CD4 < 100 cells/mm3; Excluded patients under MAC treatment or prophylaxis. Disease definition: considers only the first episode presented in the study period |
ART: highly active antiretroviral therapy; MAC: Mycbacterium avium complex; MSM: men who have sex with men; PCP: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
a
Time inferred from information contained in the text.
b
Zidovudine, didanosine or both.
c
Month not specified.
d
Classify as Mycobacterium non tuberculosis.
e
Results for other years shown in figure format only, thus not reported here.