Table 2.
Activity of ceftaroline and comparator antimicrobial agents when tested against contemporary Gram-positive pathogens from Latin American medical centers (2011).
| Organism (no. tested/antimicrobial agents) | MIC (mg/L) |
CLSIa | EUCASTa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC50 | MIC90 | Range | %S/%I/%R | %S/%I/%R | |
| S. aureus (956) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | 0.25 | 2 | 0.06–2 | 83.6/–/– | 83.6/0.0/16.4 |
| Oxacillin | 0.5 | >2 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 57.2/0.0/42.8 | 57.2/0.0/42.8 |
| Erythromycin | 0.5 | >16 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 52.8/1.8/45.4 | 53.1/0.8/46.1 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 66.6/0.1/33.3 | 66.4/0.2/33.4 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.25 | >4 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 64.2/0.7/35.1 | 64.2/0.7/35.1 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.12 | 4 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 64.4/7.3/28.3 | 64.4/7.3/28.3 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 to >4 | 98.2/0.0/1.8 | 98.2/0.2/1.6 |
| Tetracycline | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 92.9/0.7/6.4 | 91.1/1.5/7.4 |
| Tigecyclineb | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 0.25–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | ≤0.12–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.12–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| MRSA (409) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | 1 | 2 | 0.25–2 | 61.6/–/– | 61.6/0.0/38.4 |
| Erythromycin | >16 | >16 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 16.6/0.0/83.4 | 16.6/0.0/83.4 |
| Clindamycin | >2 | >2 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 27.4/0.2/72.4 | 27.4/0.0/72.6 |
| Levofloxacin | >4 | >4 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 21.8/0.7/77.5 | 21.8/0.7/77.5 |
| Moxifloxacin | 2 | >4 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 22.0/15.7/62.3 | 22.0/15.7/62.3 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 to >4 | 96.3/0.0/3.7 | 96.3/0.0/3.7 |
| Tetracycline | ≤0.25 | 2 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 92.7/0.2/7.1 | 89.5/3.2/7.3 |
| Tigecyclineb | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 1 | 0.5–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | 0.5–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| MSSA (547) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.06–0.5 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Erythromycin | 0.25 | >16 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 79.9/3.1/17.0 | 80.4/1.3/18.3 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 96.0/0.0/4.0 | 95.6/0.4/4.0 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 96.0/0.5/3.5 | 96.0/0.5/3.5 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 96.2/0.9/2.9 | 96.2/0.9/2.9 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5–4 | 99.6/0.0/0.4 | 99.6/0.4/0.0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 93.0/1.1/5.9 | 92.3/0.2/7.5 |
| Tigecyclineb | 0.06 | 0.06 | ≤0.03–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 0.25–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | ≤0.12–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.12–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (249) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.015 | 0.12 | ≤0.015–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxonec | ≤0.06 | 2 | ≤0.06 to >8 | 88.4/11.2/0.4 | 73.9/25.7/0.4 |
| Ceftriaxoned | ≤0.06 | 2 | ≤0.06 to >8 | 73.9/14.5/11.6 | –/–/– |
| Penicilline | ≤0.06 | 4 | ≤0.06–8 | 86.3/13.3/0.4 | –/– |
| Penicillinf | ≤0.06 | 4 | ≤0.06–8 | 54.2/20.9/24.9 | 54.2/32.1/13.7 |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate | ≤1 | 4 | ≤1 to >8 | 87.6/4.8/7.6 | –/–/– |
| Erythromycin | ≤0.12 | >16 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 69.5/0.0/30.5 | 69.5/0.0/30.5 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | >2 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 82.3/0.4/17.3 | 82.7/0.0/17.3 |
| Levofloxacin | 1 | 1 | 0.5 to >4 | 99.2/0.0/0.8 | 99.2/0.0/0.8 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.12–4 | 99.2/0.0/0.8 | 99.2/0.0/0.8 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 1 | >4 | ≤0.5 to >4 | 47.0/12.8/40.2 | 51.8/8.0/40.2 |
| Tetracycline | 0.5 | >8 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 67.5/1.6/30.9 | 66.7/0.8/32.5 |
| Tigecyclineb | ≤0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.03–0.06 | 100.0/–/– | –/–/– |
| Linezolid | 1 | 1 | 0.25–2 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.12–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Streptococcus pyogenes (66) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015–0.03 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Penicillin | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Erythromycin | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 90.9/1.5/7.6 | 90.9/1.5/7.6 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 95.5/0.0/4.5 | 95.5/0.0/4.5 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.5 | 1 | 0.25–2 | 100.0/0.0/0.0 | 92.4/7.6/0.0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤0.25 | >8 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 81.8/1.5/16.7 | 80.3/1.5/18.2 |
| Tigecyclineb | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Streptococcus agalactiae (78) | |||||
| Ceftaroline | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015–0.03 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Penicillin | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06–0.25 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Erythromycin | ≤0.12 | 2 | ≤0.12 to >16 | 87.2/1.3/11.5 | 87.2/1.3/11.5 |
| Clindamycin | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 to >2 | 96.2/0.0/3.8 | 96.2/0.0/3.8 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.5 | 1 | ≤0.12 to >4 | 98.7/0.0/1.3 | 96.2/2.5/1.3 |
| Tetracycline | >8 | >8 | ≤0.25 to >8 | 21.8/0.0/78.2 | 21.8/0.0/78.2 |
| Tigecyclineb | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03–0.06 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 | 1 | 0.5–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Vancomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–1 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
| Daptomycin | 0.25 | 0.25 | ≤0.06–0.5 | 100.0/–/– | 100.0/0.0/0.0 |
b
USA-FDA breakpoints were applied (Tygacil Product Package Insert, 2011).17
c
Criteria as published by the CLSI15 for ‘ceftriaxone (non-meningitis)’.
d
Criteria as published by the CLSI15 for ‘ceftriaxone meningitis’.
e
Criteria as published by the CLSI15 for ‘Penicillin parenteral (non-meningitis)’.
f
Criteria as published by the CLSI15 for ‘Penicillin oral (penicillin V)’.