Table 1.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among diabetic (cases) and healthy individuals (controls) included in the systematic review.
| Reference | Diabetic patients (cases) |
Healthy individuals (controls) |
Matching | Method | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Toxoplasma IgG+n (%) | n | Toxoplasma IgG+n (%) | |||||
| Type 1 diabetes | ||||||||
| (14) | 85 | 49 (57.6) | 85 | 18 (21.1) | Age and gender | ELISA (EUROIMMUN) | 5.066 (2.579–9.952) | <0.001 |
| (21) | 57 | 3 (5.2) | 140 | 56 (40) | Unspecified | Bio-Plex 2200 kits | 0.083 (0.025–0.279) | <0.001 |
| (20) | 60 | 27 (45) | 60 | 14 (23.3) | Unspecified | ELISA | 2.688 (1.226–5.895) | 0.01 |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||||||
| (22) | 807 | 457 (56.6) | 250 | 56 (22.4) | Age and gender | ELISA (EUROIMMUN) | 4.523 (3.257–6.281) | <0.001 |
| (19) | 91 | 55 (60.4) | 93 | 36 (38.7) | Age and gender | ELISA (Pishtaz Teb Zaman Co.) | 2.419 (1.338–4.373) | 0.003 |
| (18) | 150 | 79 (52.6) | 150 | 76 (50.6) | Gender | ELISA (VIRO, Germany). | 1.083 (0.689–1.704) | 0.72 |
| (12) | 110 | 47 (42.7) | 110 | 24 (21.8) | Age and gender | ELISA (Biotech Co. England) | 2.673 (1.483–4.819) | 0.001 |
n, number of individuals; IgG+, anti-Toxoplasma antibody (immunoglobulin G); (%), percentage; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95 percent confidence interval.