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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med. 2022 Apr 23;135(9):1059–1068. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.006

Table 1.

Evidence supporting common pathophysiology between MVD of the heart and brain

Reference Design Objective Population N Key findings
Argirò et al 202127 Descriptive Determine prevalence and severity of CMD in patients with CADASIL CADASIL 32 CFR and maximal MBF following regadenason infusion were decreased in CADASIL patients compared with controls. Degree of CMD did not correlate with extent of neurologic dysfunction.
Pai et al 200322 Case-control Assess brain findings in patients with CMD CMD 30 High incidence of brain hypoperfusion lesions on Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT, and coincident with myocardial defects on the thallium-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT
Brunelli et al 199625 Descriptive Measure cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular vasodilator reserve in patients with CMD CMD 16 Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular vasodilator reserve preserved in patients with CMD, not consistent with the hypothesis of a diffuse smooth‐muscle disorder
Sun et al 200123 Case-control Assess brain findings in patients with CMD CMD
40 92% with definite myocardial perfusion defects on thallium‐201 myocardial perfusion SPECT also had multiple hypoperfusion areas in the brain. Parietal lobes were the most common area of hypoperfusion, cerebellum was the least common
Karakaya et al 201124 Cross-sectional Investigate cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with slow coronary blood flow Slow coronary blood flow 32 Right and left middle cerebral artery peak systolic, end diastolic and mean flow velocities were significantly lower in patients with slow coronary blood flow than those with normal coronary flow
Weidmann et al 199721 Descriptive Investigate cerebral blood flow in patients with CMD CMD 95 76% had pathologic findings suggestive of cerebral perfusion abnormalities
Lesnik Oberstein et al 200328 Descriptive Assess prevalence of myocardial ischemia in CADASIL CADASIL 63 25% of mutation carriers had ECG evidence of myocardial infarction versus none in the nonmutation carriers (p=0.011). ECG changes pre-dated neurologic symptoms of CADASIL in all patients.

CADASIL, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; CFR, coronary flow reserve; CMD, coronary microvascular dysfunction; ECG, electrocardiogram; MBF, myocardial blood flow; MVD, microvascular dysfunction.