Table 1.
Infant and Family Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics, n=178
| n(%) or mean(SD) | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Female Sex | 73 (41%) |
|
| |
| White Race | 141 (79%) |
|
| |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | 15 (8%) |
|
| |
| RACHS-1 Mortality Category | |
| 2 | 16 (9%) |
| 3 | 60 (34%) |
| 4 | 31 (17%) |
| 5 | 3 (2%) |
| 6 | 68 (38%) |
|
| |
| Single-ventricle-type cCHD | 95 (53%) |
|
| |
| Timing of cardiac diagnosis - Prenatal | 143 (80%) |
|
| |
| Birth weight in grams, mean (SD) | 3352 (436) |
|
| |
| Weight-for-Age Z-Score (WAZ) at Birth, mean (SD) | 0.07 (0.88) |
|
| |
| Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) | 1 (1%) |
|
| |
| Hospital length of stay | |
| Total, mean (SD) | 23 (14) |
| Hospital length of stay: 14 days or more | 131 (74%) |
| Hospital length of stay: 30 days or more | 39 (22%) |
|
| |
| Discharged on digoxin | 49 (28%) |
|
| |
| Preoperative oral feeding | 125 (70%) |
|
| |
| Feeding mode at discharge | |
| Oral feeding only | 87 (49%) |
| Tube and oral feeding | 77 (43%) |
| Tube feeding only | 14 (8%) |
|
| |
| Ever re-hospitalized | 76 (43%) |
|
| |
| Place of receiving follow-up care | |
| Center where surgery performed | 127 (71%) |
| Another center only | 13 (7%) |
| Both | 38 (21%) |
|
| |
| Insurance type | |
| Private | 127 (71%) |
| Non-private/government funded | 51 (29%) |
|
| |
| Number of children in household | |
| 1 | 72 (40%) |
| 2+ | 106 (60%) |
|
| |
| Family status* | |
| Both parents | 166 (94%) |
| Mother primarily | 10 (6%) |
| Mother and Other | 1 (1%) |
|
| |
| Parental education level* | |
| Partial/graduated from high school or partial college | 55 (36%) |
| Graduated college | 96 (64%) |
|
| |
| Household income level* | |
| $0–49,999 | 50 (36%) |
| $50,000–99,999 | 45 (32%) |
| $100,000+ | 45 (32%) |
|
| |
| Millennium Infant Study Questionnaire (MISQ) | |
|
| |
| 1. Appetite* | |
| Normal | 82 (47%) |
| Borderline | 55 (32%) |
| Low | 37 (21%) |
|
| |
| 2. Oromotor dysfunction* | |
| Normal | 55 (32%) |
| Borderline | 52 (30%) |
| Low | 66 (30%) |
|
| |
| 3. Avoidant eating behavior* | |
| Low | 69 (40%) |
| Medium | 79 (46%) |
| High | 25 (15%) |
|
| |
| 4. Maternal feeding anxiety* | |
| Normal | 1 (1%) |
| Borderline | 9 (5%) |
| High | 164 (94%) |
|
| |
| 5. Encourage child to finish the meal* | |
| Low | 23 (13%) |
| Medium | 60 (35%) |
| High | 90 (52%) |
Data reported as count (percent) or mean (standard deviation).
*
The sample sizes different by variables due to missing data.
cCHD-critical congenital heart disease
RACHS- Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery
WAZ-GT: weight-for-age Z-score growth trajectory