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. 2022 Aug 17;10:901320. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901320

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Copyright © 2022 Fernando, Quesada-Candela, Murray, Ugoaru, Yanowitz and Allen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Defects in the mitotic germ line result from 19S RP subunit knockdown. Representative images of the distal tip of the C. elegans germ line visualized with DAPI (blue) and phospho-H3 Ser10 (white). (A) Wild type N2 controls [white dash line indicates start of transition zone with characteristic crescent shape nuclei (white arrow)]. (B,C) Worms treated with rpn-2(RNAi) or rpn-3(RNAi) presented an increased number of cells in M phase and the presence of small or fragmented nuclei (white arrowheads). Both also had shorter mitotic tips with no clear transition zone. (D) rpn-13(RNAi) resulted in no cell cycle defects, presenting mitotic tips comparable to WT worms and obvious transition zone (white dashed line) and TZ nuclei (white arrow). Images show max projections of Z stacks halfway through each gonad. Distal is to the left in all images. Scale bar, 10 μm.