TABLE 1.
Clinical features of the infants enrolled in this study.
| Non-NEC (n = 17) | NEC (n = 17) | X 2/Z/t | P | |
| General information | ||||
| Male, % (n) | 52.9 (9) | 76.5 (13) | / | 0.141 |
| Admission age, M (IQR), h | 0.08 (0.04,2.54) | 0.08 (0.06,3.38) | −0.489 | 0.624 |
| Gestational age, ± S. D, w | 30.48 ± 1.943 | 30.50 ± 2.120 | −0.081 | 0.936 |
| Birth weight, ± S. D, g | 1442.35 ± 346.433 | 1427.35 ± 459.763 | 0.183 | 0.857 |
| Cesarean section, % (n) | 41.2 (7) | 35.3 (6) | / | 0.500 |
| Apgar 1 min, M (IQR) | 8.00 (6.00,9.00) | 8.00 (7.00,9.00) | −0.996 | 0.319 |
| Apgar 5 min, M (IQR) | 9.00 (8.50,10.00) | 9.00 (9.00,9.50) | −0.965 | 0.334 |
| Prenatal risk factors | ||||
| PROM, % (n) | 23.5 (4) | 29.4 (5) | / | 0.500 |
| Intrauterine distress, % (n) | 11.8 (2) | 5.9 (1) | / | 0.500 |
| Maternal hypertension, % (n) | 11.8 (2) | 5.9 (1) | / | 0.500 |
| GDM, % (n) | 11.8 (2) | 23.5 (4) | / | 0.328 |
| Chorioamnionitis, % (n) | 11.8 (2) | 5.9 (1) | / | 0.500 |
| Antenatal steroid use, % (n) | 82.4 (14) | 64.7 (11) | / | 0.219 |
| Antenatal antibiotic use, % (n) | 23.5 (4) | 0.0 (0) | / | 0.051 |
| Risk factors before enrollment | ||||
| Formula milk feeding, % (n) | 70.6 (12) | 58.8 (10) | / | 0.360 |
| Antibiotic course, M (IQR), d | 5.00 (2.50,7.50) | 4.00 (3.00,10.00) | −0.259 | 0.796 |
| Endotracheal intubation, % (n) | 5.9 (1) | 5.9 (1) | / | 0.758 |
| PICC period, ± S. D, d | 12.00 ± 11.040 | 19.18 ± 18.762 | −1.737 | 0.102 |
| PN courses, ± S. D, d | 13.18 ± 11.690 | 18.29 ± 15.206 | −1.384 | 0.186 |
| Transfusion, % (n) | 17.6 (3) | 35.3 (6) | / | 0.219 |
| CGA when enrolling, ± S. D, w | 32.52 ± 1.794 | 33.99 ± 2.385 | −3.763 | 0.002 |
| Onset age of NEC, ± S. D, d | / | 30.24 ± 15.888 | / | / |
| Days from enrollment to the onset of NEC, ± S. D, d | / | 7.00 ± 7.640 | / | / |
| Outcome | ||||
| Surgery, % (n) | 0.0 (0) | 23.5 (5) | / | 0.051 |
| Septicemia, % (n) | 23.5 (4) | 88.2 (15) | / | 0.000 |
| IVH, % (n) | 17.6 (3) | 23.5 (4) | / | 0.500 |
| BPD,% (n) | 47.1 (8) | 41.2 (7) | / | 0.500 |
| Shock, % (n) | 5.9 (1) | 23.5 (4) | / | 0.168 |
| Hospital stays, ± S. D, d | 48.41 ± 26.003 | 83.35 ± 47.911 | −3.111 | 0.007 |
NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; PROM, premature rupture of membranes > 18 h; GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter; PN, Parenteral nutrition; CGA, Corrected gestational age; IVH, Intraventricular hemorrhage; BPD, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.