FIGURE 3.

Fiber displacement caused by fiber attraction (A–C) (Kim et al., 2021) and fiber repulsion caused by collector temperature (D–I) (Nguyen et al., 2019):While airborne, electrostatic attractive forces are exerted from already deposited fibers as well as from the collector on newly formed fibers (A). When the attracting effect of the collector dominates or inter fiber distance is large enough, the correct fiber deposition occurs (B). If the inter fiber distance is small enough, the attracting forces of already deposited fibers are large enough to affect the fiber deposition of the newly formed fiber (C). Fiber repulsion in dependency of the collector temperature with a low temperature (16°C) (D,G), room temperature (23.5°C) (E,H) and a high collector temperature (30°C) (F,I).