Table 1.

Clinical Trials of varying treatment plans for mCRPC and other forms of carcinoma

Treatment	N	Target	Dosing Interval	Data Collection method	Results	Article
Ipilimumab	399 to 400	mCRPC that has progressed post docetaxel chemo therapy	10 mg/kg every 3 weeks	Intention-to-treat analysis	No significant difference	[6]
Nivolumab	854	Non-small-lung cancer	3 mg/kg every 2 weeks	Kaplan-Meier method	9%-15% increase in overall survival rates compared to docetaxel	[7]
Nivolumab	821	Advanced clear cell renal-cell carcinoma	3 mg/kg every 2 weeks	Kaplan-Meier method	Roughly 5 month increase in survival	[8]
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab	1096	Advanced clear cell renal-cell carcinoma	1 mg/kg every 3 weeks	RECIST evaluation	15% increased survival rate	[9]
Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy	1010	Advanced urothelial carcinoma	200 mg every 3 weeks	Comparisons of non-inferiority and superiority	No significant difference	[10]
Ramucirumab	530	Advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma	10 mg/kg every 3 weeks	Intention-to-treat analysis	Average 1.5 month increased survival	[11]
Avelumab	697	Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck	10 mg/kg every 2 weeks	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors	No significant difference	[12]
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab	14	Melanoma	3 dose per kg every 3 weeks	ECOG	8.9 month OS vs. 2.9 months	[13]
Tremelimumab	11	PSA recurrent prostate cancer	150 mg of bicalutamide for 28 days followed by temelimumab on 29th day	Flow cytometric analysis	No significant adverse effects reported	[20]
Ipilimumab with PSA transgene vaccine	30	mCRPC	Varying doses of ipilimumab every 2 weeks with monthly vaccination booster	Flow cytometry	Trending towards associations of longer overall survival with no conclusive data	[21]
				And Kaplan-Meier method
Evofosfamide with Ipilimumab	22	Patients with mCRPC, pancreatic cancer, and/or head and neck cancer	400-640 mg/m2 evofosfamide and 3 mg/kg ipilumumab every 3 weeks	RECIST Evaluation	No significant observations	[22]
				ECOG evaluation
CTLA4 blockade with GM-CSF combination	24	mCRPC	Escalating doses of ipilumumab with fixed dose of GM-CSF given every 4 weeks	Flow cytometry	>50% PSA decline in 3 patients with no significant observations in the rest	[23]
Ipilimumab	50	mCRPC	Varying doses of ipilimumab from 3-10 mg/kg every 3 weeks	RECIST	>50% PSA declines amongst some patients receiving 10 mg/kg doses	[24]
Ipilimumab	799	mCRPC	One dose of radiotherapy followed by 10 mg/kg ipilumumab every 3 weeks	Two sided log-rank test stratified by ECOG	Overall increased survival rates for patients given ipilumumab	[25]
Ipilimumab	598	Asymptomatic mCRPC	10 mg/kg every 3 weeks	Two sided log-rank test stratified by ECOG	No significant difference in overall survival rates	[26]
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab	78	mCRPC	1 mg/kg nivolumab + 3 mg/kg ipilimumab followed by 480 mg nivolumab every 4 weeks	ECOG	Reported consistent safety	[28]
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab	15	AR-V7 expressing mCRPC	1 mg/kg ipilimumab + 3 mg/kg nivolumab every 3 weeks	ECOG	No significant observations	[30]
Pembrolizumab	258	mCRPC	200 mg every 3 weeks	RECIST	Median overall survival rate of 14.1 months with acceptable safety	[31]
				ECOG
Pembrolizumab	23	Advanced prostate adenocarcinoma	10 mg/kg every 2 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 7.9 months	[32]
Pembrolizumab plus Docetaxel and Prednisone	104	mCRPC	200 mg pembrolizumab and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel every 3 weeks, 5 mg prednisone BID	RECIST	Overall survival of 29.2 months, reported acceptable safety	[33]
Pembrolizumab plus Docetaxel	~1000	mCRPC	Every 3 weeks	RECIST	Ongoing phase 3 trial	[34]
				TFST
Pembrolizumab plus Enzalutamide	28	mCRPC	200 mg pembrolizumab every 3 weeks with 4 doses with enzalutamide	RECIST	Overall survival of 41.7 months	[35]
Pembrolizumab plus Enzalutamide	~1200	mCRPC	200 mg pembrolizumab every 3 weeks 160 mg/day enzalutamide	PCWG3 modified RECIST	Ongoing phase 3 trial	[36]
Pembrolizumab plus MV1-816	25	mCRPC	Every 3 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 22.9 months	[38]
pTVG-HP (MVI-816) Vaccine	99	mCRPC	200 μg 6 times every 2 weeks, then quarterly for 2 years	PCWG3 modified RECIST	No significant change	[39]
Pembrolizumab plus ADXS31-142	37	mCRPC	200 mg with monotherapy every 3 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 16.0 months	[40]
Pembrolizumab with Cryotherapy	12	mCRPC	200 mg every 3 weeks with eight months cryotherapy	Kaplan Meier	Overall survival of 17.5 months	[41]
Atezolizumab	35	mCRPC	Every 3 weeks	Kaplan Meier	Overall survival of 14.7 months with acceptable safety profile	[42]
Atezolizumab with Ezalutamide	759	mCRPC	Every 3 weeks	-	Ongoing study	[43]
Atezolizumab with Radium-223	45	mCRPC	840 mg every 2 weeks, Radium-223 every 4 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 16.3 months	[44]
Atezolizumab with Sipuleucel-T	37	mCRPC	1200 mg azetolizumab every 3 weeks, sipuleucel-T every 2 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 23.6 months	[45]
Atezolizumab with Cabozantinib	580	mCRPC	1200 mg atezoliumab followed by 40 mg cabozantinib PO QD	RECIST	Ongoing study	[46]
Avelumab with Stereotactive Ablative Body Radiotherapy	31	mCRPC	10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 24 weeks	Clopper-Pearson	Overall survival of 14.1 months	[47]
Avelumab	15	mCRPC	10 mg/kg every 2 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 7.4 months	[48]
Durvalumab with Olaparib	17	mCRPC	1500 mg durvalumab every 4 weeks, 300 mg olaparib PO BID	RECIST	Overall survival of 16.1 months	[49]
Ieramilimab plus spartalizumab	255	Advanced or metastatic tumors	1 mg/kg every 2 weeks	RECIST	Acceptable safety profile	[53]
RhoC Vacccine	22	Prostate cancer	9.1 mg every 2 weeks for 6 cycles followed by every 4 weeks for 5 cycles	Flow cytometry	CD4 T-Cell response lasting 10 months and generally well tolerated	[54]
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab	90	mCRPC	1 mg/kg nivolumab and 3 mg/kg ipilimumab IV followed by 480 mg nivolumab every 4 weeks	RECIST	Overall survival of 19.0 months	[80]