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. 2022 Aug 17;13:973740. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973740

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Copyright © 2022 Ma, Saleem, Yasin, Mumtaz, Qureshi, Ali, Ercisli, Alhag, Ahmed, Vodnar, Hussain, Marc and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic presentation of the findings from this study under the individual/or combinatorial application of SNP and NaHS in Cr-stressed spinach (S. oleracea) plants grown under different levels of Cr stress, i.e., 150 and 300 μM, in sandy loam soil. The figure shows Cr sources in the natural soil and its toxic effects on the plants. The figure also shows that Cr toxicity can be overcome by the alone/or combinatorial application of SNP and NaHS, which decreased oxidative stress in membrane-bound organelles by decreasing Cr content in various parts of the plants. Overall, this scheme presents the complete description of this experiment and the important findings that we have evaluated from the application of SNP and NaHS in Cr-stressed spinach (S. oleracea) plants.