Table 3.
Multilevel logistic regression analysis of the relationship between thyroid nodules and individual characteristics, lifestyle, and components of metabolic syndrome (N = 2,784).
| Variables | Odds Ratio [95% Confidence Interval] | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| 1. Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age | |||
| <40 years old | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| 40-49 years old | 1.216 [0.965-1.531] | 1.155 [0.909-1.468] | 1.112 [0.873-1.417] |
| 50-59 years old | 2.083*** [1.653-2.626] | 1.915*** [1.499-2.446] | 1.746*** [1.356-2.249] |
| ≥60 years old | 2.720*** [2.014-3.675] | 2.459*** [1.793-3.372] | 2.147*** [1.540-2.993] |
| Occupations | |||
| Mainly mental work | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Retiree | 1.194 [0.906-1.575] | 1.188 [0.899-1.570] | 1.184 [0.895-1.566] |
| Mainly mental and manual work | 1.479*** [1.179-1.855] | 1.481** [1.177-1.864] | 1.465* [1.163-1.845] |
| Mainly manual work | 1.778*** [1.380-2.292] | 1.796*** [1.381-2.335] | 1.780** [1.367-2.317] |
| 2. Lifestyle | |||
| BMI | |||
| Lean (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| Normal weight (18.5-23.9 kg/m2) | 1.102 [0.687-1.768] | 1.058 [0.659-1.697] | |
| Overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m2) | 1.228 [0.753-2.004] | 1.034 [0.626-1.707] | |
| Obese (>28.0 kg/m2) | 1.336 [0.758-2.355] | 0.939 [0.500-1.764] | |
| DDS | |||
| DDS-1 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| DDS-2 | 0.624** [0.477-0.816] | 0.624** [0.476-0.817] | |
| DDS-3 | 1.086 [0.840-1.404] | 1.095 [0.846-1.418] | |
| Coffee | |||
| No | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| 1-2 times/W | 0.864 [0.697-1.071] | 0.871 [0.702-1.080] | |
| 3-5 times/W | 0.707 [0.414-1.208] | 0.731 [0.428-1.249] | |
| Every day | 0.721 [0.361-1.440] | 0.729 [0.364-1.460] | |
| Exercise | |||
| Yes | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| No | 1.106 [0.928-1.319] | 1.122 [0.940-1.339] | |
| 3. Components of MetS | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 1.000 | ||
| No | 0.875 [0.727-1.052] | ||
| Central obesity | |||
| Yes | 1.000 | ||
| No | 0.789 [0.586-1.062] | ||
| Level of FBG | |||
| High FBG (≥6.1 mmol/L) | 1.000 | ||
| Normal | 1.034 [0.783-1.364] | ||
| Level of TG | |||
| High TG (≥1.70 mmol/L) | 1.000 | ||
| Normal | 0.739** [0.604-0.905] | ||
| −2 log likelihood | 3412.675 | 3366.021 | 3352.286 |
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.067 | 0.089 | 0.096 |
| Omnibus χ2 | 138.327 | 184.981 | 198.716 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, occupations; Model 2: adjusted for adjusted for age, occupations, BMI, DDS, coffee, exercise; Model 3: adjusted for age, occupations, BMI, DDS, coffee, exercise, hypertension, central obesity, level of FBG and level of TG. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.