. 2022 Aug 11;25(9):104906. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104906

Table 1.

Techno-economic assumptions for electricity technologies

Economic parameter	Solar PV	Wind	Combined-cycle gas turbine	Utility-battery storage
Fixed capital cost $($ / k W_{e})$	1248 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	1846 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	957 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	307 $($ / k W h_{e})$ (U.S. EIA, 2021b)
Fixed O&M cost $($ / y r . k W_{e})$	15.33(U.S. EIA, 2021b)	26.47 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	12.26 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	24.93 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)
Lifetime $(y r)$	25 (IEA, 2020)	25 (IEA, 2020)	30 (IEA, 2020)	10 (IEA, 2020)
Heat rate $(B t u / k W h)$	–	–	6370 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	–
Fixed hourly cost^a $($ / h . k W_{e})$	0.0139	0.0210	0.0102	0.0078 $($ / h . k W h_{e})$
Relative efficiency	–	–	54%	90% round-trip (Lazard, 2019)
Variable O&M cost $($ / k W h_{e})$	0	0	0.0019	0 (captured in fixed O&M)
Variable fuel cost^b $($ / k W h_{e})$	–	–	0.0191 (U.S. EIA, 2021b)	–
Total variable cost^c $($ / k W h_{e})$	0	0	0.0210	0

Calculations are based on our assumed discount rate of 7%.

The variable fuel cost for the combined-cycle plant was based on $3/MMBtu natural gas.

Calculations are based on the variable O&M and variable fuel cost.