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. 2022 Aug 31;20:393. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01595-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — The many emerging applications of functionalized MNPs. A Application of a multifunctional magnetic core–shell nanoparticle (MCNP) constituting a magnetic zinc-doped iron oxide (ZnFe₂O₄) core nanoparticle surface modified with silica shell, for the dual delivery of miR-let-7a and anticancer drug (doxorubicin) in breast cancer. (Reproduced with permission from Yin et al. [55]). B Magnetic nanoparticle-based microRNA and hyperthermia therapy to enhance the treatment brain cancer. a First, functionalized MNPs are delivered to glioblastoma cells under magnetic field to release miRNA let-7a and induce hyperthermia followed by cellular apoptosis. b Structure and designing of functionalized MNPs with let-7a miRNA with polyethyleneimine (PEI). (Reproduced with permission from Yin et al. [56]). C Synthesis of miR-198 antisense functionalized magnetic for liver cancer: illustrated steps, (i) functionalization of MNP, (ii) cellular uptake; (iii) selective capturing of miR-198 post (iv) cellular lysis, separation, (v) quantification of miR-198. (Reproduced with permission from Gessner et al. [57])