Table 2.
Modelled travel times to nearest health facility for levels within socio-demographic and maternal health service variables compared
| Variable | Median travel time in minutes (IQR) | Test for difference in travel time* |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal health outcomes | ||
| No ANC | 19 (20) | 0.009 |
| 1–3 | 17 (20) | |
| > 4 | 14 (17) | |
| No SBA | 18 (23) | < 0.001 |
| SBA | 14 (17) | |
| No PNC | 17 (23) | < 0.001 |
| PNC | 14 (17) | |
| Rural/urban | ||
| Rural | 19 (18) | < 0.001 |
| Urban | 8 (14) | |
| Region | ||
| Ashanti | 7 (10) | < 0.001 |
| Brong Ahafo | 16 (19) | |
| Central | 11 (10) | |
| Eastern | 15 (8) | |
| Greater Accra | 4 (3) | |
| Northern | 23 (32) | |
| Upper East | 18 (12) | |
| Upper West | 20 (18) | |
| Volta | 15 (14) | |
| Western | 13 (21) | |
| Wealth | ||
| Poor | 20 (20) | < 0.001 |
| Middle | 12 (18) | |
| Rich | 8 (11) | |
| Age groups | ||
| 15–20 | 17 (18) | < 0.001 |
| 21–30 | 13 (18) | |
| 31–49 | 8 (13) | |
| Health insurance | ||
| Registered with health insurance | 14 (19) | 0.848 |
| Not registered with health insurance | 15 (18) | |
| Education | ||
| No formal education | 21 (26) | < 0.001 |
| Primary | 15 (17) | |
| Secondary or higher | 11 (16) | |
*P-values are from non-parametric tests; Wilcoxon test for binary groups and Kruskal Wallis test for groups with two or more levels