Fig. 2.

Role of Pirfenidone in post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis: Pirfenidone (PFN) has anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant effect through inhibition production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, antiviral effect through inhibition of cellular furin activity and viral entry, anti-fibrotic effect through suppression of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)/Transcription Co-Activator PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), Wingless/Int (Wnt/β-catenin), and Hippo Signaling Pathways. These effects by PFN reduce pro-fibrotic changes and fibroblast activation with subsequent attenuation of post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis