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. 2022 Aug 31;4(11):723–734. doi: 10.1038/s42254-022-00506-7

Fig. 1. Sites and mechanisms of particle generation.

Fig. 1

a | Fluid film, filament or bubble breakage (FFBB) in the mouth during speech165. b | FFBB due to filament formation at the vocal cords. c | Turbulent aerosolization of viscoelastic mucus from the airway lining in the larynx and large bronchi due to turbulent airflow, based on snapshot of ligament-mediated fragmentation of viscoelastic liquid presented in ref.40. d | FFBB in small airway bronchioles due to clearance of fluid blockages formed during exhalation and airway reopening.