Coxiella infection of BMDM induced modest cytokine/chemokine secretion. Bio-Plex cytokine assay demonstrating host cytokine secretion response to mock-infected BMDM (gray bars), BMDM treated with IFN-γ plus 100 ng/mL LPS (black bars), or BMDM infected with wild-type NMII (yellow bars) or dotA::Tn (blue bars) C. burnetii at 24 hpi. Each bar represents the mean protein secretion in BMDM supernatants from three independent experiments normalized to the positive control (IFN-γ plus 100 ng/mL LPS). Error bars represent standard deviations from the mean, with asterisks denoting P values calculated by two-way ANOVA, with Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons (*, 0.0332; **, 0.0021; ***, 0.0002; ****, <0.0001).