Table 1.
Characteristics of Sample Participants According to Cumulative Racial Residential Segregation Category, CARDIA Study, 1985–2010
| Racial Residential Segregation Category | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristic | High (n = 240) | Low/Medium (n = 50) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics at baseline | ||||||
| Age, years | 24 (4) | 26 (4) | ||||
| Duration of education, years | 13 (2) | 14 (2) | ||||
| Annual incomea, thousands of dollars | 20.5 (14.0–30.0) | 30.0 (20.5–42.5) | ||||
| Married | 38 | 16 | 9 | 18 | ||
| Female sex | 137 | 57 | 22 | 44 | ||
| Clinical risk factors at baseline | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 111 (10) | 113 (8) | ||||
| Body mass indexb | 25 (5) | 26 (6) | ||||
| Fasting glucose concentration, mg/dL | 82 (16) | 83 (7) | ||||
| CES-D scorea | 12 (6–16) | 10 (5–13) | ||||
| Health behaviors at baseline | ||||||
| Current smoker | 75 | 31 | 7 | 14 | ||
| Physical activitya, exercise unitsc | 352 (129–487) | 411 (192–536) | ||||
| Mean alcohol consumptiona, mL/day | 11.0 (0.0–13.5) | 10.0 (0.0–12.3) | ||||
| Brain volume at year 25, cm3 | ||||||
| Total cerebral volume | 1,108 (117) | 1,126 (116) | ||||
| Total gray matter volume | 608 (61) | 618 (62) | ||||
| Total white matter volume | 500 (61) | 508 (59) | ||||
| Total hippocampal volume | 7 (1) | 7 (1) | ||||
Abbreviations: CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SD, standard deviation.
a Values are expressed as median (interquartile range).
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.