TABLE 1.
Descriptive overview of the neutralizing susceptibility assays and the MAbs undergoing testing
| Author(s) (reference[s]) | Virus typea | Cell lineb | Inoculumc | Hoursd | Control | Variant(s) | MAb(s)e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggarwal21 (33) | Infectious | Vero | 104 | 24 | A.2.2 | BA.1 | BAM, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX |
| Boschi22 (9) | Infectious | Vero | NAg | 48 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, CIL/TIX |
| Cameroni21 (11) | Infectious | Vero | NA | 20 | B.1 | BA.1 | SOT |
| Dejnirattisai22 (14) | Infectious | Vero | 102 | NA | B | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, ADI |
| Duty22 (39) | Infectious | Vero | 102 | NA | A | BA.1 | CIL/TIX, SOT |
| Fenwick22 (40) | Infectious | Vero | 103 | 48 | Delta | BA.1, BA.2 | CAS/IMD, CIL/TIX, SOT, ADI |
| Ma22 (43) | Infectious | Vero | 102 | 96 | A | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT |
| Case22 (36) | Infectious | Vero-TMPRSS2 | 102 | 60 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | CIL/TIX, SOT |
| Ohashi22 (44) | Infectious | Vero-TMPRSS2 | NA | 24 | A | BA.1, BA.2 | CAS/IMD, SOT |
| Takashita22 and Takashita22b (30, 31) | Infectious | Vero-TMPRSS2 | 103 | 24 | A | BA.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX |
| Touret22 (25); Touret22b (48) | Infectious | Vero-TMPRSS2 | NA | 48 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG |
| VanBlargan22-1 (26) | Infectious | Vero-TMPRSS2 | 102 | 70 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG |
| VanBlargan22-2 (26) | Infectious | Vero-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | 102 | 24 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG |
| Meng22 (21) | Infectious | HOS-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | 102 | 24 | Delta | BA.1 | CAS/IMD |
| Planas21 (22); Bruel22 (10) | Infectious | U2OS-ACE2 | NA | 20 | Delta | BA.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG, ADI |
| Wilhelm21 (51) | Infectious | NA | 4 × 103 | 48 | B | BA.1 | CAS/IMD |
| FDA21, FDA21b, and FDA22 (55–57) | Infectious | NA | NA | NA | NA | BA.1, BA.2, BA.1.1 | CIL/TIX, SOT, BEB |
| Ai22 (34) | PV (VSV) | Vero | NA | 24 | B | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, BEB, REG, AMU, ADI |
| Cameroni21 (11) | PV (VSV) | Vero | NA | 20 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.1.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG |
| Cathcart22 (37) | PV (VSV) | Vero | 2 × 103 | 6 | - | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | SOT |
| Hoffmann22 (16); Schulz22 (23) | PV (VSV) | Vero | NA | 16 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX |
| Rothenberger21 (46) | PV (VSV) | Vero | 250 | 16 | B | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, AMU/ROM |
| Wang22 (28) | PV (VSV) | Vero | NA | 24 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, REG, ADI |
| Iketani22 and Liu21 (17, 19) | PV (VSV) | Vero | NA | 10 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, AMU/ROM, ADI, BEB |
| Duty22 (39) | PV (VSV) | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | NA | NA | B.1 | BA.1, BA.1.1 | CIL/TIX |
| Cao21, Cao22, and Cui22 (12, 13, 35) | PV (VSV) | Huh-7 | 103 | 24 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, BEB, ADI, AMU/ROM, C144 |
| Wang22c (27) | PV (VSV) | Huh-7 | NA | 24 | B | BA.1 | ETE, IMD, TIX, SOT |
| Westendorf21 (50); FDA22 (56) | PV (VSV) | 293T-ACE2/ACE2-TMPRSS2 | NA | 72 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, BEB, REG, ADI, C135/C144 |
| FDA21, FDA21b, and FDA22 (55–57) | PV | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | NA | 48 | B | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | CIL/TIX, SOT, BEB |
| NIH-NCATS21-2 (AstraZeneca) (Monogram) (58) | PV | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | 1 × 104–5 × 105 RLU | 72 | B | BA.1 | CIL/TIX |
| Lusvarghi22 (20) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | 1 × 105–5 × 105 RLU | 48 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, BEB, AMU/ROM, ADI, C144 |
| Chen22 (38) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | NA | 72 | A | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD |
| Zhou21 (29)f | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | NA | 72 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX, BEB, REG, ADI, C135/C144 |
| Gruell22 and Gruell22b (15, 41) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | NA | 48 | B | BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, CIL/TIX, SOT, BEB, REG, ADI, AMU, C135/C144 |
| Ju22 (18) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | NA | 48 | B | BA.1 | ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, C144 |
| Pelzek22 (45) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | NA | 60 | B | BA.1 | SOT |
| Sheward22 (24) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | 5 × 104 RLU | 48 | B.1 | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT |
| Tada22 and Zhou22 (32, 54) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | 2 × 103 | 48 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.2 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, SOT, CIL/TIX |
| Wang22b (49) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | NA | 48 | B | BA.1 | IMD, SOT |
| Ikemura21 (42) | PV (HIV) | 293T-ACE2 | NA | 48 | B | BA.1 | CAS/IMD, SOT |
| Yamasoba22 (52) | PV (HIV) | HOS-ACE2-TMPRSS2 | 2 × 104 RLU | 48 | B.1 | BA.1, BA.2 | CAS/IMD, SOT |
| NIH-NCATS21 (Brii Biosciences) (59) | PV (HIV) | NA | NA | NA | B | BA.1 | AMU/ROM |
| Yuan22 (53) | PV (MLV) | Vero | NA | 120 | B | BA.1 | BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, CIL/TIX, SOT, ADI, C144 |
The reference is indicated by the first author’s surname followed by the year of publication. For authors that have more than one publication in the same year, a lower case letter has been added. For publications with more than one assay, a dash followed by a number has been added. PV, pseudotyped virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; MLV, murine leukemia virus. A study using virus-like particles is not shown (47).
Cell line followed by ACE2 and/or TMPRSS2 indicates cells modified to stably express these surface proteins.
Studies using infectious viruses reported the inoculum as 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50), focus-forming units (FFU), infectious units (IU), or multiplicity of infection (MOI). This column treats the TCID50, FFU, and IU similarly. MOI was used to calculate the inoculum if the number of cells per well was available. Studies using PVs inconsistently reported the virus inoculum, and when reported, it was reported as a TCID50 or as relative light units (RLU).
The endpoint for the infectious virus assays was cytopathic effect usually augmented by immunostaining of virally infected cells, with the exception of two studies which used RNA yield (25, 48). PV assays measured RLU produced by luciferase-encoding reporter genes.
BAM, bamlanivimab; ETE, etesevimab; CAS, casirivimab; IMD, imdevimab; SOT, sotrovimab; CIL, cilgavimab; TIX, tixagevimab; BEB, bebtelovimab; REG, regdanvimab; ADI, adintrevimab; AMU, amubarvimab; ROM, romlusevimab. The presence of two MAbs separated by “/” indicates the combination was tested and/or that each individual MAb in the combination was also tested. Not all MAbs were tested for activity against each of the Omicron variants. A dash indicates that the relevant data were not identified.
293T-ACE2 cells were used for TIX and 293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 used for CIL. Several of the results in this study overlap results in Westendorf21 (50).
NA, not available.