. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Cogn Enhanc. 2021 Jun 7;5(4):480–498. doi: 10.1007/s41465-021-00216-5

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the samples

	Analytical sample	Original sample	Difference between samples
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p value
Number of students (n)	217	754
Age	17.55 (1.46)	17.78 (2.52)	0.094
Gender f/m	54/46	49/51	0.189
Visual working memory	62.49 (10.86)	59.89 (11.73)	0.003^*
Verbal working memory	56.66 (16.85)	53.82 (17.70)	0.035^*
Intelligence (OIO)	16.84 (3.08)	16.15 (3.26)	0.005^*
Sustained attention (go/no-go)	0.70 (0.19)	0.67 (0.20)	0.115
Implicit theories of intelligence (ITI)	33.53 (6.55)	33.37 (6.77)	0.573
Well-being (WHO)	64.66 (18.25)	61.95 (18.56)	0.061
Perceived stress (PSS)^†	13.69 (6.69)	15.26 (6.96)	0.003^*
Sleep Quality (PSQI)^†	5.37 (2.64)	6.01 (3.01)	0.003^*

Significant at 0.05 level.

^†

Higher scores refer to higher levels of perceived stress and poorer sleep quality