Table 3. Serum biomarkers of EoE.
| Author, year | Population | Study | Biomarkers | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodriguez-Sanchez et al, 2013 (9) | 30Adults | Cross-sectional | ECP, total IgE, peripheral blood eosinophils, and the maximum peak of eosinophils/hpf | Serum total IgE and ECP do not act as markers for EoE activity |
| Wechsler et al, 2021(10) | 71Children and adolescents | Prospective case-control study | Blood AEC.Plasma EDN, ECP, MBP-1,GAL-10, EOT2, EOT3.Urine OPN and MMP-9 | Plasma (GAL-10, ECP, EDN, Eotaxin-3, MBP-1), and urine (OPN) biomarkers were increased in EoE compared to control. Therefore, GAL-10 is a potential biomarker for EoE screening |
| Min et al, 2017 (11) | 115Children and adults | Prospective case-control study | Serum analysis of AEC, EOT3 EDN, ECP, and IL-5 | , AEC, ECP, and EDN were higher in EoE subjects compared to controls and correlated with the degree of esophageal eosinophilia |
| Nguyen et al, 2011 (12) | 77Children and adolescents | Case-control study | CD66b, phospho-STAT1, and phospho-STAT6 | Measurements of CD66b and phospho-STAT levels in peripheral eosinophils may be beneficial for identifying EoE |
| Morris et al, 2017 (13) | 31Children and adolescents | Case-control study | Peripheral blood EoP. | EoP levels were increased in patients with active EoE and significantly correlated with esophageal eosinophilia |
| Johansson et al, 2020 (14) | 25Adults | Prospective study | IIb-integrin (CD41) | CD41 associated with circulating eosinophils is a potential non-invasive biomarker for esophageal eosinophilic inflammation |
| Schwartz et al, 2019 (15) | 31Children and adolescents | Retrospective study | Peripheral blood EoP | Blood EoP correlates with tissue pathology during activeEoE |
| Author, year | Population | Study | Biomarkers | Outcome |
| Henderson et al, 2020 (16) | 34Children and adolescents | Prospective study | Circulating eosinophil progenitors | Blood EoP levels may be used as a biomarker to detect active EoE disease |
| Subbarao et al, 2011 (17) | 80Children and adolescents | Case-control study | Serum IL-5 and EDN | Serum EDN levels were significantly higher in subjects with EoE than controls |
| Schlag et al, 2013 (18) | 15Adults | Prospective observational study | ECP and TRP | ECP but not TRP could be a promising non-invasive biomarker to assess response to topical corticosteroid therapy |
| Domenech Witek et al,2017 (18) | 19Adults | Retrospective study | Serum ECP | The serial determination of ECP was proper to monitor patients with EoE |
| Cengiz, 2019 (20) | 29Adults | Case-control study | Serum ECP | Serum ECP level was significantly higher in patients with EoE than in controls. In addition, ECP is strongly correlated with EREFS and the symptom of food impaction |
| Wright et al, 2018 (21) | 39Adults | Prospective case-control study | Serum EPX | EoE subjects had significantly lower median EPX levels |
| Lu et al, 2018 (23) | 31Children and adolescents | Case-control study | Serum 15-HETE | 15(S)-HETE may aid in the diagnosis of EoE |
| Dellon et al, 2016 (24) Dellon et al, 2015 (25) | 61Adults | Case-control study | Serum periostin. Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, TGF-a, TGF-P, TNF-a, EOT-1, -2, and -3,TSLP, MBP, and EDN | Serum periostin and cytokines levels were similar in cases and controls, and there were no changes post-treatment |
| Dellon et al, 2017 (27) | 48Adults | Case-control study | Autoantibodies (IgG1 and IgG4) to DSG1, DSG3, and to collagen XVII (NC16A) | Anti-NC16A and anti-DSG3 IgG4 autoantibodies were strongly associated with EoE. Anti-NC16A levels decreased significantly in EoE cases with a histologic response after topical corticosteroid treatment |
AEC, absolute eosinophil count; CD, cluster of differentiation; DSG, desmoglein; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; EDN, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin; EoPs, eosinophil progenitors; EOT, eotaxin; EPX, eosinophil peroxidase; GAL-10, galectin-10; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; MBP-1, major basic protein-1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; OPN, osteopontin; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TGF, transforming growth factor; TLSP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRP, tryptase.