Table 2. Neuropsychological Test Results Presented as Mean Z-Scores Based on the Age, Educational Level, and Gender-Specific Normative Information.

	Trauma-Exposed Firefighters (n = 31)	Healthy Controls (n = 26)	p-Value*
SVLT recall test	−0.53 ± 0.90	0.19 ± 0.85	0.002
SVLT delayed recall test	−0.51 ± 0.92	0.36 ± 0.69	< 0.001
RCF delayed recall test	0.59 ± 1.12	0.74 ± 0.92	0.329
Naming K-BNT	0.54 ± 0.83	0.41 ± 0.66	0.153
RCF copy test	0.76 ± 0.60	0.13 ± 0.68	0.001
COWAT animal	−0.62 ± 0.95	0.42 ±1.00	< 0.001
COWAT phonemic	−0.20 ± 0.89	0.18 ± 0.67	< 0.001
Stroop Test-color reading correct	0.08 ± 0.71	0.33 ± 0.83	0.22

^*Calculated from Student t test for continuous variables to compare the patient characteristics of firefighters and the healthy controls.

COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test, K-BNT = Korean-Boston Naming Test, RCF = Rey Complex Figure, SVLT = Seoul Verbal Learning Test