Table 1.
Unadjusted prevalence ratios of excess weight according to selected variables in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 14 years. Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 2010.
| Variables | Unadjusted PR (CI 95%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birthweight (100 g) | 1.06 | (1.02–1.10) | 0.004 |
| Age (years) | 0.92 | (0.84–1.00) | 0.054 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 1.05 | (0.71–1.56) | 0.797 |
| Maternal race/color | |||
| White | 1.00 | ||
| Black | 1.12 | (0.54–2.31) | 0.748 |
| Brown | 0.95 | (0.62–1.47) | 0.830 |
| Parent/guardian level of schooling at the time of the study | |||
| ≥8 years | 1.00 | ||
| <8 years | 0.75 | (0.50–1.13) | 0.174 |
| Family size | 0.83 | (0.70−0.98) | 0.029 |
| Mother’s age (years) | 1.03 | (1.00–1.06) | 0.082 |
| Diabetes during pregnancy | 2.68 | (0.44–16.35) | 0.284 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 0.82 | (0.50–1.33) | 0.424 |
| Passive smokinga | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.76 | (0.51–1.13) | 0.173 |
| Length at birth (cm) | 1.04 | (0.97–1.12) | 0.234 |
| Gestational age | |||
| Preterm | 1.00 | ||
| Full term | 0.70 | (0.28–1.74) | 0.446 |
| Breastfeeding (months) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 0.448 |
| Early food introductionb | 1.20 | (0.80–1.79) | 0.374 |
| Introduction of unhealthy foodsc | 1.17 | (0.74–1.86) | 0.502 |
| Weight gain before age 2 yearsd | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.20 | (0.60–2.39) | 0.604 |
| Weight gain between 2 and 6 years of aged | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2.13 | (1.09–4.18) | 0.027 |
| Weight gain between 7 and 9 yearsd, e | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 4.13 | (1.97–8.64) | 0.000 |
| Weight gain between 10 and 14 yearsd, e | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 3.64 | (1.52–8.73) | 0.004 |
| Family History | |||
| Cardiovascular diseasef | 0.70 | (0.37–1.32) | 0.271 |
| Metabolic diseasesg | 1.28 | (0.81–2.04) | 0.288 |
| Asthma | 1.10 | (0.71–1.71) | 0.673 |
| Unsatisfactory meal consumption pattern | 1.10 | (0.74–1.64) | 0.638 |
| Asthma | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.64 | (0.91–2.96) | 0.096 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 1.02 | (1.00–1.04) | 0.036 |
| Blood sugar (mg/dL) | 1.03 | (1.00–1.06) | 0.023 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 0.167 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 0.98 | (0.96–1.00) | 0.059 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.00) | 0.844 |
| TC/HDL ratio | 1.36 | (1.11–1.67) | 0.003 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 1.01 | (1.01–1.02) | 0.000 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | |||
| 1st quartile | 2.48 | (1.29–4.76) | 0.006 |
| 2nd quartile | 3.37 | (1.77–6.43) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile | 4.82 | (2.55–9.13) | 0.000 |
| CRP | |||
| <0.3 mg/dL | 1.00 | ||
| ≥0.3 mg/dL | 2.07 | (1.25–3.42) | 0.005 |
PR, prevalence ratio; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; CT, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Passive smoking during pregnancy at home, work, or outside for at least one day/week.
Food introduction (meat and/or egg and/or fruit and/or vegetables) before 6 months.
Introduction of unhealthy foods (coffee and/or cookies and/or industrialized drinks and/or sugar) before 12 months.
Previous parents’/guardians’ perceptions of excessive weight gain.
Controlled for sex and age.
Parents or grandparents have/had cardiovascular disease (high blood pressure or stroke or acute myocardial infarction).
Parents or grandparents have/had metabolic disease (diabetes or dyslipidemia or obesity).