Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients in Training Cohort and Validation Cohort
| Charcateristics | Total (n=595) | Training (n=416) | Validation (n=179) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHLF | ||||
| No | 452 (75.97) | 320 (76.92) | 132 (73.74) | 0.405 |
| Yes | 143 (24.03) | 96 (23.08) | 47 (26.26) | |
| Age, years | 54 (46–61) | 54 (47–61.2) | 52 (45–60.5) | 0.012 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 95 (15.97) | 67 (16.11) | 28 (15.64) | 0.999 |
| Male | 500 (84.03) | 349 (83.89) | 151 (84.36) | |
| Causes of liver disease | ||||
| Hepatitis B virus | 520 (87.39) | 365 (87.74) | 155 (86.59) | 0.902 |
| Hepatitis C virus | 16 (2.69) | 11 (2.64) | 5 (2.79) | |
| Other | 59 (9.92) | 40 (9.62) | 19 (10.61) | |
| Cirrhosis | ||||
| No | 83 (13.95) | 63 (15.14) | 20 (11.17) | 0.245 |
| Yes | 512 (86.05) | 353 (84.86) | 159 (88.83) | |
| Portal hypertension | ||||
| No | 415 (69.75) | 291 (69.95) | 124 (69.27) | 0.923 |
| Yes | 180 (30.25) | 125 (30.05) | 55 (30.73) | |
| Extent of resection | ||||
| Minor | 521 (87.56) | 367 (88.22) | 154 (86.03) | 0.499 |
| Major | 74 (12.44) | 49 (11.78) | 25 (13.97) | |
| Blood loss, mL | ||||
| <400 | 399 (67.06) | 283 (68.03) | 116 (64.8) | 0.448 |
| ≥400 | 196 (32.94) | 133 (31.97) | 63 (35.2) | |
| Transfution | ||||
| No | 461 (77.48) | 325 (78.12) | 136 (75.98) | 0.593 |
| Yes | 134 (22.52) | 91 (21.88) | 43 (24.02) | |
| ALT, U/L | 30 (21–44) | 29 (21–44) | 30.4 (21–43) | 0.015 |
| AST, U/L | 29 (22–43) | 29 (22–43) | 29 (22.5–40.5) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.9 (37–42.5) | 40 (37–42.8) | 39.4 (36.5–42) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 13.8 (10.6–18.5) | 13.8 (10.6–18.7) | 14 (11.1–18.4) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 75 (64–82) | 74 (64–83) | 75 (63–81.5) | 0.001 |
| PT, s | 12.7 (11.6–13.8) | 12.6 (11.5–13.7) | 13 (11.8–14.1) | 0.003 |
| RBC, 1012/L | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 4.5 (4.2–5) | 0.011 |
| Platelet, 109/L | 143 (102–191) | 139.5 (96–184.5) | 150 (112–199.5) | <0.001 |
| AFP, ng/mL | ||||
| <400 | 457 (76.81) | 323 (77.64) | 134 (74.86) | 0.460 |
| ≥400 | 138 (23.19) | 93 (22.36) | 45 (25.14) | |
| Child-Pugh class | ||||
| Class-A | 483/512 (94.34) | 333/353 (94.33) | 150/159 (94.34) | 0.999 |
| Class-B | 29/512 (5.66) | 20/353(5.67) | 9/159 (5.66) | |
| MELD score | 4.6 (2.9–6.6) | 4.6 (2.7–6.7) | 4.6 (3.1–6.2) | 0.002 |
| ALBI score | −2.6 (−2.9 - −2.4) | −2.6 (−2.9 - −2.4) | −2.6 (−2.9 - −2.4) | <0.001 |
| APRI | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | <0.001 |
| FIB-4 score | 2.1 (1.4–3.4) | 2.1 (1.4–3.9) | 2 (1.3–3.3) | <0.001 |
NoteS: Categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percentage). Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: PHLF, post-hepatectomy liver failure, ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; RBC, red blood cell; AFP, a-fetoprotein; MELD, Model For End-Stage Liver Disease; ALBI, Albumin-bilirubin; APRI, AST-to-platelet ratio index; FIB-4, Fibrosis 4.