Table 3.
Multivariate Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and the Selected Variables
| Variable | cOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| 18–24 | Ref | |
| 25–34 | 1.06 [0.72,1.56] | |
| 35–44 | 0.86 [0.57,1.28] | |
| 45–54 | 0.95 [0.61,1.46] | |
| 55+ | 1.24 [0.81,1.89] | |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural | Ref | |
| Urban | 0.53 [0.41,0.68]*** | 0.74 [0.55,0.99]* |
| Region | ||
| Central | Ref | |
| East | 0.71 [0.51,0.97]* | 0.66 [0.46,0.95]* |
| North | 0.68 [0.48,0.96]* | 0.55 [0.35,0.83]** |
| West | 1.82 [1.26,2.62]** | 1.63 [1.07,2.43]* |
| Sex | ||
| Female | Ref | |
| Male | 0.62 [0.48,0.79]*** | 0.77 [0.58,1.02] |
| Education level | ||
| No education | Ref | |
| Primary | 0.57 [0.35,0.93]* | 0.72 [0.42,1.22] |
| Secondary | 0.36 [0.22,0.59]*** | 0.64 [0.36,1.11] |
| Higher | 0.21 [0.13,0.36]*** | 0.50 [0.27,0.93]* |
| Working status | ||
| Unemployed | Ref | |
| Employed | 0.91 [0.63,1.31] | |
| Household size | ||
| 1–2 | Ref | |
| 3–4 | 1.67 [1.00,2.82] | 1.18 [0.66,2.12] |
| 5+ | 1.62 [1.01,2.58]* | 1.26 [0.74,2.15] |
| Access to media | ||
| No exposure | Ref | |
| 1 of 3 sources | 1.22 [0.79,1.87] | 1.37 [0.84,2.21] |
| 2 of 3 sources | 0.87 [0.56,1.36] | 0.95 [0.56,1.64] |
| All sources | 0.51 [0.32,0.80]** | 0.80 [0.44,1.45] |
| Religion | ||
| Catholic | Ref | |
| Anglican | 1.21 [0.75, 1.94] | |
| Muslim | 1.01 [0.76, 1.35] | |
| Other | 0.84 [0.58, 1.21] | |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | Ref | |
| Cohabiting | 1.16 [0.77,1.75] | 1.17 [0.75,1.84] |
| Married | 1.12 [0.80,1.58] | 1.08 [0.74,1.59] |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 1.99 [1.26,3.16]** | 1.34 [0.80,2.23] |
| Knowledge on the ways of transmitting COVID-19 | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.38 [0.28,0.51]*** | 0.47 [0.34,0.64]*** |
| Awareness on any COVID-19 vaccine | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.84 [1.43,2.36]*** | 1.35 [1.01,1.80] |
Notes: Ref is a Reference category; cOR is the crude/unadjusted odds ratio; aOR is the adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI is the confidence interval, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.