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. 2022 Aug 31;17(8):e0273674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273674

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© 2022 Kim et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 2 — Representative images of stained epiretinal membrane (ERM) specimens and retinal images from patients with primary ERM with (A-C) or without (D-F) ellipsoid zone (EZ) defects. (A) Epiretinal membrane specimen from a 64-year-old female patient with primary ERM with EZ defect, showing higher positive staining for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). (B) Ultrawide field retinal photograph that shows no specific underlying retinal disease. (C) Image of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that shows ERM with EZ defect (arrowheads). (D) Epiretinal membrane specimen from a 73-year-old female patient with primary ERM without EZ defect, showing lower positive staining for S1P. Only a couple of cells were stained with S1P (arrows). (E) Ultrawide field retinal photography that shows no specific underlying retinal disease. (F) Image of SD-OCT that shows ERM without EZ defect.