Table 1.
Therapeutic gold nanoconstructs in clinical trials
| Name | NP type | Application | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|
| CYT-6091 | PEGylated 27-nm AuNP functionalized with TNF | Anti-tumor therapy via immune response regulation |
NCT00356980, Phase 1, Completed (2006 – 2009) NCT00436410, Phase 0, Completed (2006 – 2009) |
| C19-A3 AuNP | Human proinsulin peptide (C19-A3) conjugated to ultrasmall AuNP (< 5 nm) | Treatment of the autoimmune disorder type 1 diabetes | NCT02837094, Phase I, Active (2016 –) |
| EMX-001 (naNO-DENGUE) | T-cell priming cocktails of peptides of dengue virus conjugated on the surface of AuNP | Vaccines against dengue fever | NCT04935801, Phase I, Active (2021 –) |
| naNO-COVID | T-cell priming cocktails of peptides of coronavirus conjugated on the surface of AuNP | Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 | NCT05113862, Phase I, Active (2022 –) |
| NU-0129 | siRNA and thiolated PEG arranged on the surface of 13-nm AuNP | Treatment of glioblastoma | NCT03020017, Phase 0, Completed (2017 – 2020) |
| AuroShell | PEGylated 120-nm silica core and 12 to 15-nm gold shell | Photothermal ablation of different types of cancer |
NCT00848042, Completed (2008 – 2014) NCT01679470, Terminated (2012 – 2014) NCT02680535, Completed (2016 – 2020) NCT04240639, Recruiting (2020 –) |
| Gold nanoshells | 60 to 70-nm silica core and 15 to 40-nm gold shell | Photothermal ablation of atherosclerotic plaques |
NCT01270139, Completed (2007 – 2016) NCT01436123, Terminated (2010 – 2012) |
| CNM-Au8 | 13-nm AuNP in drinkable bicarbonate solution | Treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases |
NCT02755870, Phase I, Completed (2015 – 2016) NCT03536559, Phase II, Active (2018 –) NCT03815916, Phase II, Completed (2019 – 2021) NCT03993171, Phase II, Recruiting (2019 –) NCT04081714, Available (2019 –) NCT04098406, Phase II, Completed (2019 – 2021) NCT04414345, Phase II/III, Active (2020 –) NCT04626921, Phase II/III, Active (2020 –) NCT05299658, Phase II, Active (2021 –) |