Table 1.
Model parameters.
| Parameters | Value | Range_low | Range_high | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence (event/100 patient*year) a | ||||
| HF | 0.28% | 0.25% | 0.30% | (20) |
| Stroke | 0.35% | 0.33% | 0.36% | (21) |
| CHD | 1.02% | / | / | (22) |
| Mortality (No of death/100 patient*year) b | ||||
| HF | 6.46% | 6.10% | 6.82% | (23) |
| Stroke | 9.88% | 9.21% | 10.55% | (21) |
| CHD | 12.18% | / | / | (22) |
| Mortality during hospitalization c | ||||
| HF | 2.80% | 2.63% | 2.98% | (24) |
| Stroke | 1.56% | 1.55% | 1.57% | (21) |
| CHD | 2.60% | / | / | (22) |
| HR for per 5 mm Hg reduction in systolic BP | ||||
| Stroke | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.90 | (1) |
| HF | 0.83 | 0.77 | 0.89 | (1) |
| CHD | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.99 | (1) |
| Utilities (year) d | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.00 | (18) |
| CHD event | 0.6 | 0.57 | 0.63 | (18) |
| Stroke event | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.58 | (18) |
| HF event | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.66 | (18) |
| CHD state | 0.7 | 0.67 | 0.74 | (18) |
| Stroke state | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.68 | (18) |
| HF state | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.77 | (18) |
| Costs of drugs (CNY/month) | ||||
| Sacubitril-valsartan (400 mg/day) | 324.6 | 162.3 | 649.2 | (25) |
| Sacubitril-valsartan (200 mg/day) | 162.3 | 81.15 | 324.6 | (25) |
| Sacubitril-valsartan (100 mg/day) | 95.4 | 47.7 | 190.8 | (25) |
| Valsartan (320 mg/day) | 240.0 | 120.0 | 480.0 | (25) |
| Olmesartan (40 mg/day) | 256.6 | 128.3 | 513.2 | (25) |
| Olmesartan (20 mg/day) | 128.3 | 64.2 | 256.6 | (25) |
| Olmesartan (10 mg/day) | 64.2 | 32.1 | 128.3 | (25) |
| Costs of events (CNY/event) e | ||||
| Stroke | 16,213.6 | 8,106.8 | 32,427.2 | (26) |
| HF | 9,789.6 | 4,894.8 | 19,579.1 | (20) |
| CHD | 18,183 | 9,091.5 | 36,366.1 | (22) |
| Annual costs of CVD f | ||||
| Stroke | 13,265.9 | 6,632.9 | 26,531.7 | (26) |
| HF | 15,872.4 | 7,936.2 | 31,744.8 | (20) |
| CHD | 17,644 | 8,822 | 35,288 | (22) |
HF, heart failure; CHD, coronary heart diseases; HR, hazard ratio; CVD, cardiovascular diseases.
Incidence (event/100 patient*year) was converted to transition probabilities with unit of month when inputting these parameters into Markov model. The formula of transformation is 1-month rate = –[ln(1 – incidence)]/12 and 1-month transition probability = 1–exp (−1-month rate).
Mortality (No. of death/100 patient*year) was converted to transition probabilities with unit of month when inputting these parameters into Markov model. The formula of transformation is 1-month mortality rate = –[ln(1–mortality)]/12 and 1-month transition probability = 1 – exp (−1-month mortality rate).
Mortality during hospitalization was converted to transition probabilities when inputting these parameters into Markov model. The formula of transformation is transition probability = 1 – exp (−1 – Mortality).
Utilities (year) were converted to utilities (month) with Utilities (year)/12 when inputting these parameters into Markov model.
Costs were converted to corresponding costs in 2021 in China using healthcare consumer price index (CPI). The CPI from 2015 to 2021 is 1.027, 1.038, 1.06, 1.043, 1.024, 1.018 and 1.004, separately.