Table 1.
Patient characteristics segmented by in-hospital mortality
| Characteristics | All | Survival and/or discharge | In-hospital mortality | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 312) | n = 290 (92.9%) | n = 22 (7.1%) | ||
| Age (years) | 72.5 (57.0, 80.0) | 72.0 (57.0, 80.0) | 77.5 (69.5, 84.8) | 0.02 |
| Sex (female) | 132 (42.3%) | 119 (41.0%) | 13 (59.1%) | 0.12 |
| Vital signs at presentation | ||||
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 303; 21 (18, 26) | 281; 21 (18, 25) | 23 (19, 32) | 0.15 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 311; 123 (104, 138) | 289; 124 (107, 139) | 107 (98, 133) | 0.05 |
| Altered mentation | 59 (18.9%) | 48 (16.6%) | 11 (50.0%) | <0.01 |
| qSOFA ≥2 | 76 (24.4%) | 65 (22.4%) | 11 (50.0%) | <0.01 |
| NEWS2 | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 8) | 9 (6, 12) | <0.01 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Malignancy | 86 (27.6%) | 77 (26.6%) | 9 (40.9%) | 0.21 |
| T2D | 63 (20.2%) | 58 (20.0%) | 5 (22.7%) | 0.78 |
| COPD | 40 (12.8%) | 38 (13.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0.75 |
| Immunocompromised | 65 (20.8%) | 61 (21.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | 0.35 |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| WBC (109cells/L) | 11.1 (8.0, 15.3) | 11.0 (7.9, 14.9) | 15.0 (9.1, 22.0) | 0.01 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 70.8 (21.7, 178.1) | 68.3 (20.5, 157.8) | 189.1 (61.7, 260.4) | <0.01 |
| Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 305; 0.3 (0.1, 1.1) | 283; 0.3 (0.1, 0.9) | 1.7 (0.3, 26.6) | <0.01 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 301; 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) | 279; 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 3.1 (2.2, 4.3) | <0.01 |
| IMX-SEV-2 | 0.04 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.19) | <0.01 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 21 (6.7%) | 13 (4.5%) | 8 (36.4%) | <0.01 |
| ICU admission | 71 (22.8%) | 56 (19.3%) | 15 (68.2%) | <0.01 |
| 72 h multiorgan failure | 58 (18.6%) | 39 (13.4%) | 19 (86.4%) | <0.01 |
Continuous variables are presented with median and interquartile range and compared using Mann–Whitney U Test. Nominal variables are presented with frequency and column percentage and compared using Fisher’s exact test. The number of cases with valid data is shown for variables with missing data (e.g. 301 patients had lactate concentration measurements).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; NEWS2, National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA, Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; T2D, Type two diabetes; WBC, White blood cell count.