Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study population N = 1750
| Variable (% missing) | Overall | No deterioration <72 h | Deterioration <72 h | P-value | No ICU or mortality <72 h | ICU or mortality <72 h | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (n) | 1750 | 1390 (79.4) | 360 (20.6) | ND | 1671 (95.5) | 79 (4.5) | ND |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (0.0) [median (IQR)] | 63 (53–73) | 62 (51–63) | 67 (58.1–75.9) | <0.001* | 63 (52.5–73.5) | 68 (59–77) | 0.001* |
| Male (0.0) [n (%)] | 997 (57.0) | 781 (44.6) | 216 (12.3) | 0.193 | 949 (54.2 | 48 (2.7) | 0.486 |
| Living at home (4.0) [n (%)] | 1533 (87.6) | 109 (6.5) | 38 (2.3) | 0.083 | 133 (7.9) | 14 (0.8) | 0.001* |
| Smoker1 (7.1) [n (%)] | 240 (13.7) | 174 (10.7) | 66 (4.1) | 0.003* | 227 (14.0) | 13 (0.8) | 0.330 |
| Alcohol user2 (7.7) [n (%)] | 469 (26.8) | 389 (24.1) | 80 (5.0) | 0.029* | 454 (28.1) | 15 (0.9) | 0.151 |
| Comorbidity [n (%)] | |||||||
| Cardiac disease (1.9) | 315 (18.0) | 240 (14.0) | 75 (4.4) | 0.123 | 298 (17.4) | 17 (1.0) | 0.388 |
| COPD (0.0) | 159 (9.1) | 111 (6.3) | 48 (2.7) | 0.002* | 151 (8.6) | 8 (0.5) | 0.674 |
| Diabetes (1.7) | 409 (23.4) | 306 (17.8) | 103 (6.0) | 0.009* | 384 (22.3) | 25 (1.5) | 0.078 |
| Chronic kidney disease (1.9) | 251 (14.3) | 184 (10.7) | 67 (3.9) | 0.009* | 237 (13.8) | 14 (0.8) | 0.366 |
| Chronic liver disease (0.0) | 237 (13.5) | 198 (11.3) | 39 (2.2) | 0.092 | 234 (13.4) | 3 (0.2) | 0.010* |
| Organ transplant (2.1) | 300 (17.1) | 238 (13.9) | 62 (3.6) | 0.956 | 293 (17.1) | 7 (0.4) | 0.047* |
| Malignancy (1.1) | 698 (39.9) | 552 (31.9) | 146 (8.4) | 0.767 | 660 (38.1) | 38 (2.2) | 0.099 |
| None of the above (1.8) | 368 (21.0) | 308 (17.9) | 60 (3.5) | 0.022* | 355 (20.7) | 13 (0.8) | 0.322 |
| Scoring systems3 [median (IQR)] | |||||||
| SOFA (0.0) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0.5–3.5) | <0.001* | 1 (−1 to 1) | 4 (0–8) | <0.001* |
| qSOFA (0.0) | 0 (−0.5 to 0.5) | 0 (−0.5 to 0.5) | 1 (0.5–1.5) | <0.001* | 0 (−0.5 to 0.5) | 1 (−0.5 to 0.5) | <0.001* |
| NEWS (0.0) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (0–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001* | 3 (1–5) | 7 (2–12) | <0.001* |
| SIRS (0.0) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0–4) | <0.001* | 2 (0–4) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001* |
| Length of stay (days) (0.0) [median (IQR)] | 4 (2–6) | 3 (−0.5 to 6.5) | 7 (3–11) | <0.001* | 4 (0–8) | 8 (2.5–13.5) | <0.001* |
Deterioration; death, ICU-admission or development of organ failure (respiratory, liver and/or kidney) <72h. 1≥1 cigarette a day; 2≥1 unit of alcohol per week; 3 during triage; Percentages of total is shown within parentheses.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; NEWS, national early warning score; ND, no data; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
*
P < 0.05.