Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
|
Recruitment phase cohort |
Full cohort (N=1012) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial (N=228) | Continued (N=784) | p value | |||
| WHO score | |||||
| 1–3 | 90 (39%) | 355 (45%) | <0·0001 | 445 (44%) | |
| 4–5 | 107 (47%) | 422 (54%) | .. | 529 (52%) | |
| 6 | 31 (14%) | 7 (1%) | .. | 38 (4%) | |
| COV50 score | −0·19 (1·52) | −0·24 (1·36) | 0·59 | −0·23 (1·40) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White ethnicity | 205 (90%) | 685 (87%) | 0·30 | 890 (88%) | |
| All other ethnicities* | 23 (10%) | 99 (13%) | .. | 122 (12%) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Women | 94 (41%) | 353 (45%) | 0·31 | 447 (44%) | |
| Men | 134 (59%) | 431 (55%) | .. | 565 (56%) | |
| Hypertension | 137 (60%) | 420 (54%) | 0·082 | 557 (55%) | |
| Heart failure | 30 (13%) | 124 (16%) | 0·33 | 154 (15%) | |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 59 (26%) | 192 (24%) | 0·67 | 251 (25%) | |
| Diabetes | 65 (28%) | 192 (24%) | 0·22 | 257 (25%) | |
| Cancer | 13 (6%) | 93 (12%) | 0·012 | 106 (11%) | |
| Use of RAS blockers | 122 (54%) | 305 (39%) | <0·0001 | 427 (42%) | |
| Age | 63·1 (17·1) | 62·1 (18·0) | 0·46 | 62·3 (17·8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 129·8 (23·2) | 127·7 (19·0) | 0·16 | 128·2 (20·1) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75·9 (13·5) | 76·2 (11·7) | 0·74 | 76·2 (12·2) | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 83·4 (15·1) | 81·9 (15·6) | 0·21 | 82·2 (15·5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28·0 (5·4) | 27·5 (5·2) | 0·23 | 27·6 (5·2) | |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL per min per 1·73 m2)† | 93·4 (51·0) | 83·2 (32·1) | 0·0095 | 85·6 (37·6) | |
Data presented as n (%) or mean (SD). COV50 score is the ratio of the actual value to the standard run against each sample. RAS blockers indicate blocker of the renin-angiotensin system, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were missing in two initially recruited participants and 29 participants recruited later. The p value refers to the differences in the patients' characteristics between initial recruitment (June 30 to Nov 19, 2020) and continued recruitment (April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021). RAS=renin-angiotensin system.
All other ethnicites include Asian ethnicity (9 [1%]), Black ethnicity (14 [1%]), and not recorded (99 [10%]).
Glomerular filtration rate estimated from serum creatinine using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula was measured in 191 patients admitted to hospital in the initial phase, 625 patients in the continued recruitment phase, and 816 patients overall.