TABLE 3.

Only vaccinated mice survived the infection if 21 days of co-trimoxazole was initiated 93 h or 117 h post exposure to aerosolized B. pseudomallei.

Vaccination status and treatment groupsa	% Survival through day 30 post challenge	Day 30 survival P-valueb	% Survival through day 86 post challenge	Day 86 survival P-valueb	Ratio of Sterile survivors/Total Survivorsc	TTM P-valueb
PBS	0%	n/a	0%	n/a	n/a	n/a
PBS + co-trimoxazole 93 h	0%f	NSd	0%	NS	n/a	NS
PBS + co-trimoxazole 117 h	0%g	NS	0%	NS	n/a	0.0018
668 ΔilvI	30%	NS	30%	NS	3/3	<0.0001
668 ΔilvI + co-trimoxazole 93 h	100%	0.0031	100%	0.0031	9/10e	0.0012
668 ΔilvI + co-trimoxazole 117 h	100%	0.0031	100%	0.0031	9/10e	0.0012
AhpC + Hcp1 + conjugate	80%	0.0007	40%	NS	4/4	<0.0001
AhpC + Hcp1 + conjugate + co-trimoxazole 93 h	100%	NS	100%	0.0108	9/10e	0.0039
AhpC + Hcp1+ conjugate + co-trimoxazole 117 h	100%	NS	100%	0.0108	9/10e	0.0039
Hcp1 + conjugate	80%	0.0007	70%	0.0031	5/7e	<0.0001
Hcp1 + conjugate + co-trimoxazole 93 h	100%	NS	100%	NS	7/10e	NS
Hcp1 + conjugate + co-trimoxazole 117 h	90%	NS	90%	NS	9/9	NS

^aMice were vaccinated as described in Section “Materials and methods.” If co-trimoxazole was provided it was initiated at the time-point after exposure to approximately 1.57 × 10³ CFU (+/− 2.34 × 10² CFU) of aerosolized B. pseudomallei K96243 on day 35 post-last vaccination. Sham vaccinated mice were not rescued from lethal infection with the delayed initiation of co-trimoxazole therapy.

^bStatistical comparison to respective control group without co-trimoxazole or in the case of vaccines only to the PBS alone group. P-values indicate the result of a Log-rank or Fisher exact test for the survival and TTM, respectively.

^cSurvivors were determined to be free of B. pseudomallei CFU in lungs and spleens and there was no visible pyogranuloma formation noted at gross necropsy.

^dNS, not significant.

^eSee Supplementary Table 2 for bacterial burden data for each mouse shown to retain B. pseudomallei. Limit of detection for tissue homogenates is 5 CFU/organ.

^f50% of mice succumbed or were euthanized prior to co-trimoxazole initiation.

^g100% of mice succumbed or were euthanized prior to co-trimoxazole initiation.