Table 1.

Characteristics of participants and serum soluble klotho levels.

	%	Klotho levels (pg/ml)	P value
Age (years)			<0.0001
40–59	55.4	804.3
≥60	44.6	757.4
Sex			<0.05
Men	47.9	765.0
Women	52.1	796.3
Race/ethnicity			<0.05
Mexican-American	6.9	804.3
Other Hispanic	4.9	828.8
NHW	72.1	772.8
NHB	8.6	820.6
Multiracial	7.5	812.4
Education			<0.001
≤11th grade	12.9	796.3
High school graduate	20.8	742.5
Some college	32.2	772.8
College graduate	34.1	804.3
BMI (kg/m2)			<0.0001
Normal weight	23.8	820.6
Overweight	34.4	765.1
Obese	41.8	772.8
Abdominal obesity in men			0.939
Yes	55.8	765.0
No	44.2	765.0
Abdominal obesity in women			<0.0001
Yes	75.7	780.5
No	24.3	862.6
BMI 25 years to BMI baseline			<0.05
Never obese	56.8	788.3
Obese to nonobese	1.4	788.3
Nonobese to obese	33.6	765.0
Always obese	8.2	804.3
BMI 10 years prior to BMI baseline			<0.05
Never obese	52.3	796.3
Obese to nonobese	5.9	765.0
Nonobese to obese	16.9	765.0
Always obese	24.9	780.5
Smoking status			<0.0001
Never	52.9	804.3
Former	29.8	772.7
Current	17.3	742.4
Alcohol use			<0.0001
Yes	78.3	772.7
No	21.7	812.4
Physical activity			0.499
Yes	33.2	834.4
No	66.8	826.1
Diabetes			0.597
Yes	16.6	828.9
No	83.4	828.7
eGFR (ml/min)			<0.0001
<60	10.8	736.7
≥60	89.2	839.8
25(OH)D (nmol/L)			0.835
<50	17.9	829.6
≥50	82.1	828.5

NHW : Non-Hispanic white; NHB: mon-Hispanic black; BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.