Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing the therapeutic strategies based on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis, hypertension and aneurysm.
a Stimulating EVs release or increasing beneficial molecule in the EVs, b Inhibiting EVs release or reducing adverse molecule in the EVs, c Isolation of EVs and direct transfer of EVs, d Artificial EVs carrying specific molecules or drugs.