Table 2.
Sample preparation and analytical techniques for the determination of mycotoxins in SEA fermented foods and raw materials used for preparing fermented foods.
| Commodity | Country | No of samples | Extraction Solvent | Clean -Up | Analytical method | Mycotoxins | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fermented Wine and Beer | Malaysia | 10 | Acetonitrile | SPE | LC-MS/MS | AF, OTA | Alsharif, et al.140 |
| Thailand | 200 | Chloroform/Acetonitrile | DLME | LC-MS/MS | AF, ZEN, OTA, FB, T-2, DON | Puangkham, et al.141 | |
| Dried Chilli | Thailand | 120 | Methanol | * | TLC | AF, OTA | Chuaysrinule, et al.142 |
| Indonesia | 6 | Methanol-Water | IAC | HPLC-UV | AF, OTA | Wikandari, et al.143 | |
| Malaysia | 10 | Acetonitrile | SPE | LC-MS/MS | AF, OTA | Alsharif, et al.140 | |
| Malaysia | 80 | Methanol-NaHCO3 | IAC | HPLC-FL | AF, OTA | Jalili and Jinap144 | |
| Rice | Thailand | 10 | Methanol | SPE | LC-QTOFMS | AF, ZEN, OTA, FB, T-2, DON | Shiratori, et al.145 |
| Vietnam | 111 | Methanol-Water | * | ELISA | AF, FB | Huong, et al.146 | |
| Thailand | 240 | Methanol | SPE | HPLC-FL | AF, FB | Panrapee, et al.147 | |
| Myanmar | 21 | Acetonitrile | SPE | LC-MS/MS | AF, FB | Lim, et al.148 | |
| Malaysia | 50 | Methanol | IAC | ELISA | AF, OTA | Lim, et al.148 | |
| Fish | Philippines | 31 | Ethanol | SPE | HPLC-UV | AF, OTA | Ebarvia, et al.149 |
| Soybean (Tempeh) | Indonesia | 9 | Acetonitrile-Water | DnS | HPLC-MS/MS | ZEN | Borzekowski, et al.150 |
| Palm Kernel Cake | Indonesia | 20 | Methanol-water | * | ELISA | AF | Reiter, et al.151 |
| Malaysia | 25 | Acetonitrile-Water | * | LC-MS/MS | AF, ZEN, OTA, FB, T-2, DON | Yibadatihan, et al.152 | |
| Corn and Cornmeal | Vietnam | 102 | Methanol-Water | * | ELISA | AF, FB | Huong, et al.146 |
| Thailand | 55 | Methanol | HPLC-UV | OTA | Singkong, et al.153 | ||
| Indonesia | 13 | Methanol | BSA | ELISA | AF | Reiter, et al.151 | |
| Indonesia | 16 | Acetonitrile | IAC | HPLC-UV | AF, ZEN, OTA, FB, T-2, DON | Ali154 | |
| Philippines | 50 | Acetonitrile-Water | SPE | HPLC-FL | AF, ZEN, FB | Yamashita, et al.155 | |
| Thailand | 27 | Acetonitrile-Water | SPE | HPLC-FL | AF, ZEN, FB | Yamashita, et al.155 | |
| Indonesia | 12 | Acetonitrile-Water | SPE | HPLC-FL | AF, FB | Yamashita, et al.155 |
AF aflatoxins, ZEN zearalenone, OTA ochratoxin, FB fumonisins, T-2 T-2 toxin, DON deoxynivalenol, ELISA enzyme linked enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, TLC thin layer chromatography, HPLC high performance liquid chromatography, FL fluorescence, UV ultraviolet, MS mass spectrometry, SPE solid phase extraction, DnS dilute and shoot, IAC immunoaffinity column, BSA bovine serum albumin, ND not detected.
*Not stated or investigated.